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      Karakterisasi Kitin dan Kitosan Asal Jangkrik Alam (Gryllus mitratus) dari Peternakan CV Alam Lestari Cibinong

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      Date
      2021
      Author
      Ginting, Jima Liliana
      Endrawati, Yuni Cahya
      Suptijah, Pipih
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      Abstract
      Jangkrik memiliki eksoskeleton yang terdiri dari polisakarida struktural yang digunakan sebagai pelindung tubuhnya terutama bagian abdomen. Pemanfaatan jangkrik sebagai bahan pakan maupun pangan memiliki keterbatasan, hal ini disebabkan karena kandungan kitin yang cukup tinggi. Kitin merupakan komponen struktural yang membentuk eksoskeleton organisme insekta, fungi dan krustasea. Kitin tidak dapat larut dalam air, larutan basa pekat, larutan asam dan pelarut organik. Proses ekstraksi jangkrik menjadi kitin dibagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu demineralisasi, deproteinisasi dan depigmentasi. Kitin dapat dimanfaatkan dengan cara mengubahnya menjadi kitosan. Kitosan merupakan polisakarida alami, tidak beracun, biokompatibel, ramah lingkungan dan bioadesif. Proses ekstraksi kitin menjadi kitosan diperlukan tahap deasetilasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi kitin dan kitosan sebagai hasil samping budidaya jangkrik alam (Gryllus mitratus). Variabel yang diamati adalah kitin dan kitosan yang dihasilkan dari jangkrik meliputi warna, bentuk partikel, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar nitrogen dan derajat deasetilasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kitin yang dihasilkan memiliki bentuk partikel serpihan, berwarna putih, kadar air sebesar 9,74%, kadar abu sebesar 1,69%, kadar nitrogen sebesar 4,73% dan derajat deasetilasi sebesar 46,41%. Produk kitosan yang dihasilkan berbentuk serpihan, berwarna cokelat muda, kadar air sebesar 8,85%, kadar abu sebesar 1,35%, kadar nitrogen sebesar 4,25% dan derajat deasetilasi sebesar 94,69%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kitin dan kitosan yang dihasilkan dari jangkrik alam telah memenuhi SNI. Kata kunci: jangkrik alam, kitin, kitosan
       
      Crickets have exoskeleton that consisting of polysaccharides of structural and used as a protective body especially the abdomen. The utilization of crickets as feed materials or food has its limitations, it is caused due to the content of chitin, which is quite high. Chitin is a structural component that forms the eksoskeleton organisms insects, fungi and crustaceans. Chitin can not be dissolved in water, the solution bases concentrated, acid solution and organic solvents. The process of extraction of crickets into chitin is divided into three stages: demineralization, deproteinisas and depigmentation. Chitin can be utilized by converting it into chitosan. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide, non-toxic, biocompatible, environmentally friendly and bioadhesif. Extraction process of chitin into chitosan necessary stage deasetilasi. This study aims to characterize the chitin and chitosan as a result of the addition to the cultivation of crickets nature (Gryllus mitratus). The observed variable is the chitin and chitosan produced from crickets include color, particle shape, water content, ash content, nitrogen content and degree of deacetylation. The test results showed that the chitin produced has the form of flaky particles, white-colored, the moisture content amounted to 9,74%, ash content of 1,69%, the nitrogen content of of 4,73% and a degree of deacetylation of 46,41%. Products chitosan the resulting shaped flakes, coloured light brown, water content of 8,85%, ash content of 1,35%, the nitrogen content of 4,25% and a degree of deacetylation of 94,69%. These results indicate that the chitin and chitosan produced from crickets has fulfilled the SNI. Key words: alam crickets, chitin, chitosan
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/106099
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      • UT - Animal Production Science and Technology [4043]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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