| dc.description.abstract | Microbiological standards for processed food in Indonesia are regulated by the Head of NADFC in Decree No. POM. HK.00.06.1.52.4011 2009 pertaining Microbial and Chemical Contamination Limit in Food and by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). In the implementation, there were several obstacles and some criteria could not be met because they were too stringent or the testing methods were not available. The purpose of this study was to compare the fulfillment of microbiological standards of Indonesia and some other countries in the world against the rules of CAC microbiology criteria, to review microbiological criteria of priority foods and to provide recommendations for their microbiological criteria. The study was conducted by comparing and analyzing the microbiological criteria from Indonesia and 10 other countries, namely Australia and New Zealand, Europe, Philippines, Malaysia, Canada, Hongkong, India, Japan, Singapore and South Africa and recommendation by Codex Alimentarius Comission (CAC) Principles for The Establishment and Application of Microbiological Criteria for Foods (CAC/GL 21-1997). As the case studies, several foods were selected based on several obstacles occurred and their criteria and studied as above. The results showed almost all countries have not comply the rules. The study also showed that Indonesia’s standard for bottled/packaged drinking water, instant coffee and canned food need revision. There were two maximum limit of TPC and discrepancies with the analytical method requirements on drinking water. Forthe purpose of verification of the production process and lot acceptance, it is recommended to set one maximum limit of TPC. The recommendation for TPC sampling plan for drinking water is a three-class sampling plan with n = 5 and c = 2 and a maximum of m = 102 cfu/mL and M = 105 cfu/mL. Analytical methods that can be refered to is ISO or analytical methods other than that specified in the standard, provided that the method of analysis has been validated for its equivalent sensitivity, reproducibility and reliability based ISO/TR/13843 of Water quality-Guidance on validation of microbiological methods. The nature of instant coffee as dry food does not support microbial growth.To anticipate of bad sanitation and hygiene practices, the determination of the maximum limits and sampling plansfot instant coffee can be proposed by a three-class sampling plan with n = 5, c = 2, m = 103 cfu/g and M = 105 cfu/g. While the sampling plan for mold in instant coffee are three-class sampling plan with n = 5, c = 2, m = 102 cfu/g and M = 103 cfu/g. Determination of microbiological criteria in canned food is irrelevant. Commercially sterile process food has a very low number of microorganisme that the criteria can not be applied.It is recommended to simply set adequacy compliance requirements with commercial sterilization process is the test incubation. | en |
