The Effect of Prebiotics to Intestinal Microflora Population of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Its Contribution in Protein Retention Efficiency and Growth.

Abstract

The intensification of fish production in Indonesia has made it essential to develop complete and supplemental diets for use in aquaculture. Dietary supplements such as immunostimulants and prebiotics hold promise as a potential replacement of antibiotics in maintaining fish health and as growth promoter. The research objectives were to determind the effect of antibiotics to microflora population and evaluation of intestinal microflora contribution of common carp to protein retention efficiency and growth performance. The effect of antibiotics to microflora population was used factorial completely randomized design 3x3. The first factor was antibiotic type (streptomycine, tetracycline and amphicyline), and the second factor was dose of antibiotics; 100, 150, and 200 ppm. Microflora population and death presentation of microflora were counted using MRSA (DeMan Rogosa Sharp Agar) with pour plate method. Each treatment had 3 replications. The most effective combination of antibiotic and dose which decreased intestinal microflora population was used as negative control in the next research. Furthermore, the evaluation of common carp intestinal microflora contributions to protein efficiency ratio and growth performance consists of four pellet treatments, antibiotic feed (negative control), control feed (basal diet), basal diet supplement with 2% Fermacto® and 2% Mannanoligosacharide (MOS). It was used completely randomized design with five replications. The measured variables were; Feed Intake (FI), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), protein retention efficiency (PRE), Spesific Growth Rate (SGR), Survival Rate (SR), microflora population [Log(cfu/ml)] and contribution of intestinal microflora to protein efficiency. While, growth rate model of each treatment analzed with regression.The result showed that, tetacycline 200 ppm significantly (P<0.05) decreased intestinal microflora population up to 87.82% and used as negative control. In the other hand, there were no significant differences in FI, PER and SGR for all treatments. Meanwhile, 2% MOS in the basal diet gave the best microflora population 8.35 Log (cfu/ml), growth performance in PRE 9.08% (P<0.05) and highest contribution of intestinal microflora to protein retention efficiency 5.45%.

Intensifikasi budidaya perairan di Indonesia membutuhkan pengembangan pakan komplit dan pakan suplemen yang murah sehingga dapat menekan biaya pakan dalam proses produksi budidaya perairan. Suplemen pakan seperti imunostimulan dan prebiotik memegang peranan penting dan potensial sebagai pengganti antibiotik dalam menjaga kesehatan dan memacu pertumbuhan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah; (1) untuk menganalisis efektivitas antibiotik terhadap penurunan populasi total mikroflora saluran pencernaan ikan mas yang selanjutnya digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif, (2) mengevaluasi kontribusi mikroflora saluran pencernaan ikan mas pada pakan yang diberi prebiotik komersial dan alami terhadap efisiensi retensi protein dan pertumbuhan.