Rancang Bangun dan Pengembangan Prototipe Pasteurisasi Media Tanam Jamur Merang (Volvariella volvacea) Berbasis Tiga Unit Tong 200 Liter dengan Burner LPG

Abstract

Pasteurisasi media tanam jamur merang memerlukan pemanasan stabil dan penyaluran uap merata ke seluruh rak kumbung. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang prototipe pasteurisasi uap berbasis tiga tong 200 L dengan burner LPG yang memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna, serta mengevaluasi pencapaian, kestabilan, dan keseragaman temperatur, kondisi media, serta hasil panen. Kelayakan rancangan dinilai melalui uji fungsional dan analisis kekuatan rangka serta dinding tong. Temperatur diukur pada 13 titik kumbung, sedangkan kondisi media dinilai melalui pengujian mikrobiologi dan kadar air. Hasil panen diamati selama satu siklus. Rangka memiliki faktor keamanan minimum 5,48, sedangkan dinding tong memiliki faktor keamanan terhadap luluh sebesar 54,8 pada tekanan operasi 3 psi. Semua titik bertahan di atas 60 °C secara bersamaan selama 4,9 jam, dengan temperatur tertinggi 70,9 °C dan simpangan baku spasial rata-rata 1,0 °C; kriteria 60–70 °C selama 4–6 jam pun terpenuhi. Kapang dan khamir berkurang rata-rata 99,0% pada seluruh titik sampel tanpa peningkatan kadar air media. Panen perdana terjadi 11 hari setelah penebaran bibit. Produksi selama satu siklus mencapai 145 kg jamur, setara 72,5% dari harapan pengguna, dengan biological efficiency 11,2%. Konsumsi LPG sebesar 8,36 kg/jam. Prototipe memenuhi kriteria struktural dan termal, sedangkan pencapaian target panen masih bergantung pada faktor budidaya di luar alat.

Paddy-straw mushroom substrate pasteurization requires stable heating and uniform steam distribution across cultivation-house racks. This study designed a steam-pasteurization prototype with three 200-L drums and an LPG burner to meet user needs, and evaluated temperature performance, substrate condition, and harvest. Design suitability was assessed through functional tests and strength analyses of the frame and drum walls. Temperature was measured at 13 points inside the house; substrate was tested microbiologically and for moisture content, and harvest was monitored for one cycle. The frame’s minimum factor of safety was 5.48, while that of the drum walls against yielding was 54.8 at 3-psi operating pressure. All points remained above 60 °C simultaneously for 4.9 hours. Maximum temperature was 70.9 °C, with a mean spatial standard deviation of 1.0 °C, meeting the 60–70 °C for 4–6 hours criterion. Mold and yeast decreased by an average of 99.0%, with no increase in substrate moisture. First harvest occurred 11 days after spawn inoculation. The cycle produced 145 kg of mushrooms, equal to 72.5% of the user’s expected yield, with 11.2% biological efficiency. LPG consumption was 8.36 kg/h. The prototype met structural and thermal criteria, but harvest targets depended on factors beyond the equipment.