Analisis Rantai Pasok Ikan Gupi (Poecilia reticulata) di Arsyi Farm, Bogor, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Ikan gupi (Poecilia reticulata) merupakan salah satu ikan hias yang memiliki permintaan tinggi di pasar dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis proses produksi, pelaku rantai pasok, efisiensi rantai pasok, dan prioritas risiko pada rantai pasok budidaya ikan gupi di Arsyi Farm. Penelitian menggunakan studi kasus dengan purposive sampling. Efisiensi rantai pasok dianalisis melalui margin pemasaran, farmer’sshare, dan FMEA. Rantai pasok ikan gupi di Arsyi Farm melibatkan 5 pelaku yang membentuk 7 saluran pemasaran, yaitu A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, B1, dan B2. Margin pemasaran penjualan dalam negeri sebesar 12,66–68,35%, sedangkan penjualan luar negeri sebesar 27,80–78,34%. Farmer’s share sebesar 31,65–87,34%, dengan nilai tertinggi pada saluran dengan mata rantai lebih pendek. Margin terendah sebesar 12,66% terdapat pada penjualan dalam negeri saluran A2 strain yellow koi, sedangkan penjualan luar negeri sebesar 27,80%, dengan farmer’s share tertinggi sebesar 87,34%. Berdasarkan FMEA, penyakit menjadi risiko prioritas dengan RPN 210, diikuti kualitas air 120 dan transportasi 108. Secara keseluruhan, rantai pasok ikan gupi di Arsyi Farm tergolong efisien, dengan efisiensi pemasaran meningkat pada rantai yang lebih pendek.

Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) are ornamental fish with high demand in both domestic and international markets. This study aimed to analyze the production process, supply chain actors, supply chain efficiency, and risk priorities in the guppy farming supply chain at Arsyi Farm. A case study approach with purposive sampling was employed. Supply chain efficiency was analyzed using marketing margins, farmer’s share, and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). The guppy supply chain at Arsyi Farm involved five actors across seven marketing channels, namely A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, B1, and B2. Marketing margins in the domestic market ranged from 12.66–68.35%, while those in the international market ranged from 27.80–78.34%. Farmer’s share ranged from 31.65–87.34%, with the highest value found in channels with fewer intermediaries. The lowest marketing margin was 12.66% in the domestic market through channel A2 for the Yellow Koi strain, while the lowest margin in the international market was 27.80%, with the highest farmer’s share reaching 87.34%. Based on the FMEA results, disease was the highest-priority risk, with a RPN 210, followed by water quality RPN 120 and transportation RPN 108. Overall, the guppy supply chain at Arsyi Farm was considered efficient, with marketing efficiency increasing as the supply chain became shorter.