Daya Saing Jagung Pipilan di Kecamatan Kerek, Kabupaten Tuban, Jawa Timur

Abstract

Indonesia masih mengimpor jagung pipilan untuk kebutuhan bahan baku pakan ternak meskipun memiliki sentra produksi, salah satunya Kabupaten Tuban. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keuntungan privat dan sosial, keunggulan kompetitif dan komparatif, serta dampak kebijakan pemerintah terhadap daya saing usahatani jagung pipilan di Desa Wolutengah, Kecamatan Kerek, Kabupaten Tuban. Data primer diperoleh dari 36 petani yang dipilih secara purposive dan snowball sampling, lalu dianalisis menggunakan Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) dan analisis sensitivitas kenaikan harga jagung dunia sebesar 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Usahatani jagung pipilan menguntungkan secara privat dan sosial serta memiliki keunggulan kompetitif (PCR 0,69) dan komparatif (DRCR 0,65). Kebijakan pemerintah memberikan subsidi pada input (NPCI 0,89), tetapi belum melindungi harga output (NPCO 0,92), sehingga secara keseluruhan merugikan petani. Kenaikan harga dunia memperkuat keunggulan komparatif, tetapi memperlebar kesenjangan harga di tingkat petani. Penguatan pengawasan harga acuan pembelian diperlukan agar kenaikan harga dunia dirasakan petani.

Indonesia still imports shelled corn for livestock feed despite having production centers, including Tuban Regency. This study analyzes private and social profits, competitive and comparative advantages, and the impact of government policy on the competitiveness of shelled corn farming in Wolutengah Village, Kerek District, Tuban Regency. Primary data from 36 farmers, selected through purposive and snowball sampling, were analyzed using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) and a sensitivity analysis with world corn price increases of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Shelled corn farming was profitable at private and social prices and had competitive (PCR 0.69) and comparative (DRCR 0.65) advantages. Government policy subsidized inputs (NPCI 0.89) but did not protect output prices (NPCO 0.92), resulting in an overall net loss for farmers. Higher world prices strengthened comparative advantage but widened the farm-level price gap. Stronger monitoring of the government reference purchase price is needed so that farmers benefit from higher world prices.