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      SIMULASI MODEL SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION AND CO-FERMENTATION (SSCF) UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI REBUNG BAMBU

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Nasution, Nurul Cinthiya
      Machfud
      Syamsu, Khaswar
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      Abstract
      Krisis energi global akibat tingginya ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil serta peningkatan emisi karbon mendorong perlunya pengembangan energi terbarukan yang lebih berkelanjutan. Salah satu alternatif yang menjanjikan adalah bioetanol generasi kedua berbasis biomassa lignoselulosa. Rebung bambu memiliki potensi besar sebagai bahan baku karena kandungan selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang tinggi serta kadar lignin yang sangat rendah, sehingga memungkinkan konversi menjadi bioetanol tanpa tahap pretreatment yang kompleks. Metode simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) dipandang unggul karena mampu mengintegrasikan proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi dalam satu reaktor, sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi pemanfaatan glukosa dan xilosa secara simultan melalui konsorsium mikroorganisme Trichoderma reesei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, dan Scheffersomyces stipitis. Namun, kajian terdahulu masih terbatas pada pendekatan eksperimen tanpa pengembangan model matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun model matematika SSCF berbasis sistem persamaan diferensial yang merepresentasikan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme, konsumsi substrat selulosa dan hemiselulosa, pembentukan gula (glukosa dan xilosa), serta produksi etanol. Model dibangun berdasarkan pendekatan teoritis dengan asumsi sistem batch homogen, parameter konstan, tanpa inhibisi produk maupun kompetisi mikroba. Data eksperimen sekunder diambil dari Ramadhani et al. (2024) selama fermentasi 72 jam. Estimasi parameter kinetika dilakukan melalui proses fitting, dengan fokus pada parameter dominan yaitu laju pertumbuhan maksimum (??!"# ) dan laju produksi etanol (??!" ). Hasil simulasi baseline menunjukkan model mampu mengikuti tren produksi etanol, namun masih memiliki keterbatasan pada dinamika gula total yang menghasilkan nilai negatif akibat belum dimasukkannya mekanisme pembentukan gula dari sakarifikasi. Simulasi hybrid parameter menghasilkan prediksi etanol yang sangat mendekati eksperimen dengan mean absolute error (MAE) sebesar 0,092 g/L, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) sebesar 1,71%, dan koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,9992, yang menunjukkan akurasi model yang sangat tinggi khusus pada variabel etanol. Meskipun model ini terbukti valid dalam merepresentasikan produksi etanol, simulasi variasi substrat awal menunjukkan hasil yang tidak realistis secara biologis karena mekanisme pembatas substrat belum terintegrasi dalam persamaan produksi etanol. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa model sederhana ini lebih tepat digunakan sebagai alat prediksi awal untuk produk utama, namun masih memerlukan pengembangan lebih lanjut dengan memasukkan kinetika Monod, inhibisi etanol, serta dinamika enzim sakarifikasi agar mampu menggambarkan keseluruhan proses SSCF secara lebih komprehensif. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi awal serta membuka peluang untuk penelitian selanjutnya.
       
      The global energy crisis, driven by heavy dependence on fossil fuels and increasing carbon emissions, highlights the urgent need for more sustainable renewable energy development. One promising alternative is second-generation bioethanol derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Bamboo shoots have strong potential as a feedstock due to their high cellulose and hemicellulose content and extremely low lignin fraction, which enables conversion into bioethanol without complex pretreatment stages. The simultaneous saccharification and co- fermentation (SSCF) method is considered advantageous because it integrates hydrolysis and fermentation within a single reactor, thereby improving the simultaneous utilization of glucose and xylose through a microbial consortium consisting of Trichoderma reesei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Scheffersomyces stipitis. However, previous studies have remained largely experimental, with limited development of mathematical modeling approaches. This research aimed to develop an SSCF mathematical model based on a system of differential equations representing microbial growth, cellulose and hemicellulose substrate consumption, sugar formation (glucose and xylose), and ethanol production. The model was constructed using a theoretical approach under the assumptions of a homogeneous batch system, constant parameters, and the absence of product inhibition or microbial competition. Secondary experimental data were obtained from Ramadhani et al. (2024) during a 72-hour fermentation process. Kinetic parameter estimation was performed through model fitting, focusing on dominant parameters, namely the maximum growth rate (??!"#) and the ethanol production rate (??!" ). Baseline simulation results showed that the model was able to capture the general trend of ethanol production; however, limitations were observed in total sugar dynamics, which produced negative values due to the absence of explicit sugar formation mechanisms from saccharification. Hybrid parameter simulations provided ethanol predictions that closely matched experimental data, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0,092 g/L, a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1,71%, and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0,9992, indicating very high accuracy specifically for ethanol concentration. Although the model was validated in representing ethanol production, simulations of initial substrate variation produced biologically unrealistic outcomes because substrate limitation mechanisms were not yet integrated into the ethanol production equations. This confirms that the simplified model is more suitable as an initial predictive tool for the main product, but further development is required by incorporating Monod kinetics, ethanol inhibition, and explicit saccharification enzyme dynamics in order to comprehensively represent the entire SSCF process. Overall, this study provides an initial contribution and opens opportunities for future research and model refinement.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179943
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      • MF - Agriculture Technology [2546]

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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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