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      Determinan Kinerja Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Telekomunikasi di Bursa Efek Indonesia

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Zahra, Fatimah
      Achsani, Noer Azam
      Sari, Linda Karlina
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      Abstract
      Pesatnya perkembangan infrastruktur digital, peningkatan kebutuhan layanan data, serta implementasi teknologi jaringan baru mendorong kebutuhan investasi yang tinggi pada industri telekomunikasi. Karakteristik industri yang padat modal tersebut menuntut perusahaan untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara likuiditas, efisiensi pengelolaan modal kerja, struktur pendanaan, dan investasi agar mampu mempertahankan kinerja keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh likuiditas dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kinerja keuangan, menguji peran Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) sebagai variabel mediasi, serta mengidentifikasi perbedaan karakteristik pengelolaan modal kerja antara perusahaan telekomunikasi seluler dan non-seluler. Leverage dan intensitas belanja modal yang diproksikan dengan Capital Expenditure to Assets (CAPEXA) digunakan sebagai variabel kontrol. Penelitian menggunakan data panel enam perusahaan telekomunikasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2015–2025 dengan total 66 observasi. Sampel terdiri atas tiga perusahaan seluler dan tiga perusahaan non-seluler. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan Fixed Effect Model (FEM), sedangkan pengaruh tidak langsung diuji menggunakan Uji Sobel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa likuiditas yang diproksikan dengan CR berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ROA, sedangkan leverage berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA. CCC menunjukkan hubungan negatif terhadap ROA dengan tingkat signifikansi marginal pada taraf 10 persen. Sementara itu, ukuran perusahaan dan CAPEXA tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ROA. Pada persamaan CCC, CR dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap CCC pada kelompok perusahaan non-seluler. Interaksi antara ukuran perusahaan dan dummy sektor menunjukkan pengaruh negatif dan signifikan, yang mengindikasikan adanya perbedaan hubungan antara ukuran perusahaan dan CCC pada perusahaan seluler dan non-seluler. Pada perusahaan non-seluler, peningkatan ukuran perusahaan cenderung memperpanjang CCC, sedangkan pada perusahaan seluler pengaruh tersebut menjadi lebih rendah dan berbalik arah. Perbedaan tersebut mencerminkan karakteristik model bisnis, pola penerimaan kas, serta mekanisme penagihan yang berbeda antara kedua kelompok perusahaan. Hasil Uji Sobel menunjukkan bahwa CCC tidak terbukti memediasi hubungan antara likuiditas dan ROA. Sementara itu, pengaruh tidak langsung ukuran perusahaan terhadap ROA melalui CCC menunjukkan indikasi mediasi yang lemah dan hanya signifikan secara marginal pada taraf 10 persen. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja keuangan perusahaan telekomunikasi tidak hanya ditentukan oleh besarnya sumber daya yang dimiliki, tetapi juga oleh kemampuan perusahaan dalam mengelola likuiditas, siklus kas, struktur pendanaan, serta investasi secara efisien sesuai dengan karakteristik model bisnis masing-masing perusahaan.
       
      The rapid development of digital infrastructure, increasing demand for data services, and the implementation of new network technologies have driven substantial investment requirements in the telecommunications industry. The capital-intensive nature of the industry requires companies to maintain an appropriate balance between liquidity, working capital efficiency, financing structure, and investment to sustain financial performance. This study aims to analyze the effects of liquidity and firm size on financial performance, examine the mediating role of the Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), and identify differences in working capital management characteristics between cellular and non-cellular telecommunication companies. Leverage and capital expenditure intensity, measured by Capital Expenditure to Assets (CAPEXA), are included as control variables. The study employs panel data from six telecommunication companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2015–2025 period, resulting in 66 observations. The sample consists of three cellular and three non-cellular companies. Panel data regression using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is employed, while indirect effects are evaluated using the Sobel Test. The results indicate that liquidity, measured by the Current Ratio (CR), has a positive and significant effect on Return on Assets (ROA), whereas leverage has a negative and significant effect on ROA. The CCC shows a negative relationship with ROA, with marginal significance at the 10 percent level. Firm size and CAPEXA, meanwhile, do not have statistically significant effects on ROA. In the CCC equation, CR and firm size have positive and significant effects on the CCC for non-cellular companies. The interaction between firm size and the sector dummy has a negative and significant effect, indicating that the relationship between firm size and the CCC differs between cellular and non-cellular companies. An increase in firm size tends to lengthen the CCC among non-cellular companies, while the effect becomes smaller and reverses direction among cellular companies. This difference reflects variations in business models, cash collection patterns, and billing mechanisms between the two groups. The Sobel Test indicates that the CCC does not mediate the relationship between liquidity and ROA. Meanwhile, the indirect effect of firm size on ROA through the CCC provides only weak evidence of mediation and is marginally significant at the 10 percent level. Overall, the findings suggest that the financial performance of telecommunication companies is determined not merely by the amount of resources available, but also by the ability to efficiently manage liquidity, cash cycles, financing structures, and investment in accordance with the characteristics of each company's business model.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179735
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      • MF - Business [4185]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
      All rights reserved
      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
      IPB University Scientific Repository
      UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Institutional Repository
      Universitas Jember Digital Repository