Evaluasi Pengolahan Limbah Kulit Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Performa Ayam Broiler

Abstract

Limbah kulit kentang merupakan hasil samping agroindustri yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai phytogenic feed additive karena mengandung senyawa aktif glikoalkaloid seperti solanin yang bersifat antioksidan dan antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengolahan limbah kulit kentang serta pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak limbah kulit kentang terhadap performa ayam broiler. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap. Tahap I meliputi pengujian kualitas kimia dan fisik tepung limbah kulit kentang, kandungan senyawa aktif, serta aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Tahap II menggunakan 180 ekor ayam broiler dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dan enam ulangan, yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (kontrol + Vitachick®), dan P2 (kontrol + 400 ppm ekstrak kulit kentang). Peubah yang diamati meliputi konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum, bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), mortalitas, indeks performa, dan Income Over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung limbah kulit kentang memiliki kualitas fisik dan kimia yang cukup baik sesuai standar serta mengandung senyawa aktif solanin yang berpotensi sebagai phytogenic feed additive. Ekstrak limbah kulit kentang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi terendah 400 ppm dengan kategori aktivitas antibakteri sedang. Pemberian ekstrak limbah kulit kentang pada konsentrasi 400 ppm memberikan pengaruh signifikan (P<0,05) terhadap bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), dan indeks performa broiler. Pemberian ekstrak tersebut juga mampu menurunkan mortalitas ayam broiler selama masa pemeliharaan.

Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa limbah kulit kentang memiliki kualitas fisik dan kimia yang cukup baik sesuai dengan standar serta mengandung senyawa aktif solanin, yang berpotensi sebagai phytogenic feed additives untuk ayam broiler. Suplementasi ekstrak limbah kulit kentang dengan konsentrasi 400 ppm mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus, meningkatkan bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan, dan indeks performa serta menurunkan Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) dan mortalitas.

Potato peel waste is an agro-industrial by-product with considerable potential for utilization as a phytogenic feed additive due to the presence of bioactive glycoalkaloid compounds, particularly solanine, which exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This study aimed to evaluate the processing characteristics of potato peel waste and to determine the effect of potato peel waste extract supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted in two stages. Stage I involved the evaluation of the chemical and physical characteristics of potato peel waste flour, the determination of bioactive compound content, and the assessment of the antibacterial activity of the extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Stage II utilized 180 broiler chickens arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three treatments with six replications: P0 (control), P1 (control + Vitachick®), and P2 (control + 400 ppm potato peel extract). The observed parameters included feed intake, water intake, body weight, body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), mortality, performance index, and Income Over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC).

The results demonstrated that potato peel waste flour possessed favorable physical and chemical characteristics that meet standards and contained bioactive compounds solanine with potential application as a phytogenic feed additive. Potato peel extract exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at the lowest concentration of 400 ppm, which was categorized as moderate antibacterial activity. Supplementation of 400 ppm potato peel extract significantly (P<0.05) improved body weight, body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), and performance index of broiler chickens. Furthermore, the supplementation reduced broiler mortality during the rearing period.

Based on the findings of this study, potato peel waste possesses favorable physical and chemical qualities that meet standards and contains active compounds solanine with potential as phytogenic feed additives for broiler chickens. Supplementation with potato peel waste extract at a concentration of 400 ppm was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, improve body weight, body weight gain, and the performance index, while also reducing the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and mortality.