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      Evaluasi Metode Ekstraksi dan Modifikasi Rasio Asam Lemak Minyak Larva BSF (Hermetia illucens) terhadap Fermentabilitas Rumen In Vitro

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      NASUTION, UMAR
      Nahrowi
      Sumiati
      Ridla, Muhammad
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      Abstract
      Larva black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) merupakan insekta yang memiliki potensi sebagai pakan alternatif sumber protein dan sumber energi karena mengandung protein kasar sebesar 32%-53% dan lemak kasar sebesar 15%-48%. Lemak larva BSF mengandung asam laurat (C12:0) lebih dari 40% dari total asam lemak, namun kualitas asam lemak yang dihasilkan bergantung pada metode ekstraksi yang digunakan. Dalam penelitian ini larva BSF diekstrak menggunakan tiga metode ekstraksi minyak yang berbeda, yaitu metode ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), metode soxhlet dan metode hot press. Minyak terbaik yang diperoleh dari ketiga metode ekstraksi tersebut digunakan dalam pengujian fermentabilitas dan kecernaan secara in vitro dengan melakukan perlakuan modifikasi rasio asam lemak jenuh-tak jenuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh metode ekstraksi terhadap kualitas minyak larva BSF dan tepung bebas lemak, menganalisis modifikasi rasio asam lemak jenuh dan tak jenuh pada minyak larva BSF terhadap fermentabilitas dan kecernaan in vitro. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahapan, tahap pertama adalah evaluasi metode ekstraksi minyak asal larva BSF terhadap kualitas minyak dan karakteristik tepung larva BSF bebas lemak menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan metode ekstraksi, yaitu metode UAE, Soxhlet, dan hot press, dan empat kali ulangan. Tahap kedua adalah evaluasi modifikasi rasio asam lemak jenuh (SFA)-tak jenuh (UFA) dari minyak terbaik tahap pertama terhadap fermentabilitas dan kecernaan secara in vitro. Penelitian tahap dua ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan minyak dengan rasio 1:0,25 SFA:UFA (R0), 1:1,0 SFA:UFA (R1), 1:1,2 SFA:UFA (R2), 1:1,4 SFA:UFA (R3) dan lima kali ulangan. Data dari kedua penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA/analysis of variance) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey HSD jika terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian tahap pertama menunjukkan bahwa metode Soxhlet menghasilkan rendemen minyak tinggi secara signifikan (p<0,05), memiliki stabilitas oksidatif minyak yang baik, profil asam lemak yang relatif stabil serta menghasilkan tepung bebas lemak dengan kandungan lemak kasar terendah dan protein kasar tertinggi. Hasil penelitian tahap kedua dengan menggunakan minyak dari metode Soxhlet dengan memodifikasi rasio asam lemak menggunakan minyak biji rami 1:1,4 SFA:UFA (R3) meningkatkan (p<0,05) nilai pH, menurunkan konsentrasi NH3, volatile fatty acids (VFA) total, kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO), produksi gas total dan produksi gas metana. Secara keseluruhan, minyak hasil ekstraksi dengan metode Soxhlet dan memiliki rasio asam lemak 1:1,4 SFA:UFA merupakan minyak dengan kualitas yang baik dan menghasilkan fermentabilitas dan kecernaan yang relatif optimal serta menurunkan produksi gas metana.
       
      Black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae have potential as an alternative feed ingredient and as a source of protein and energy because they contain 32%–53% crude protein and 15%–48% crude fat. BSF larval fat contains more than 40% lauric acid (C12:0) of the total fatty acids; however, the quality of the fatty acids produced depends on the extraction method used. In this study, BSF larvae were subjected to three different oil extraction methods, namely ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), Soxhlet extraction, and hot press extraction. The best oil obtained from the three extraction methods was used in in vitro fermentability and digestibility evaluations by applying treatments involving the modification of saturated-to-unsaturated fatty acid ratios. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of extraction methods on the quality of BSF larval oil and defatted meal, and to analyze the effects of modifying the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid ratios of BSF larval oil on in vitro fermentability and digestibility. This study consisted of two stages. The first stage was the evaluation of oil extraction methods from BSF larvae on oil quality and the characteristics of defatted BSF larval meal using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three extraction method treatments, namely UAE, Soxhlet, and hot press extraction, and four replications. The second stage was the evaluation of modifications in the saturated fatty acid (SFA)-to-unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) ratio of the best oil obtained in the first stage on in vitro fermentability and digestibility. The second stage employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four oil treatments having SFA ratios of 1:0.25 (R0), 1:1.0 (R1), 1:1.2 (R2), and 1:1.4 (R3), and five replications. Data from both stages were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and were followed by Tukey’s HSD test when significant differences were detected (p<0.05). The results of the first stage showed that the Soxhlet method produced a significantly higher oil yield (p<0.05), exhibited good oxidative stability, maintained a relatively stable fatty acid profile, and produced defatted meal with the lowest crude fat content and the highest crude protein content. The results of the second stage, using oil obtained by the Soxhlet method and modifying the fatty acid ratio with flaxseed oil to achieve an SFA ratio of 1:1.4 (R3), increased (p<0.05) pH values and decreased NH3 concentration, total VFA, dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), total gas production, and methane gas production. Overall, oil extracted using the Soxhlet method and having an SFA ratio of 1:1.4 was of good quality and resulted in relatively optimal fermentability and digestibility while reducing methane gas production
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179435
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      • MF - Animal Science [1366]

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