Optimasi Produksi Susu Kambing Perah melalui Manipulasi Rumen menggunakan Protein Terproteksi dan Agen Defaunasi

Abstract

Indonesia masih menghadapi kesenjangan antara produksi dan kebutuhan susu nasional akibat kualitas pakan yang bervariasi pada peternakan rakyat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi protein terproteksi berbasis kedelai sangrai dan daun pepaya terhadap konsumsi, kecernaan, produksi dan kualitas susu, profil asam lemak, status fisiologis, hematologi, dan aspek ekonomi kambing perah Sapera. Sebanyak 16 ekor kambing Sapera diberi ransum kontrol (R0) dan suplementasi protein terproteksi 5% (R1), 10% (R2), dan 15% (R3) selama 49 hari menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok. Suplementasi meningkatkan konsumsi bahan kering sebesar 15,3% dan produksi susu sebesar 34,5% pada R3, disertai peningkatan produksi komponen susu. Seluruh level suplementasi tidak memengaruhi status fisiologis maupun hematologi ternak, sedangkan income over feed cost (IOFC) meningkat sebesar 36% pada R3. Disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi protein terproteksi berbasis kedelai sangrai dan daun pepaya efektif meningkatkan produktivitas dan profitabilitas usaha kambing perah rakyat tanpa mengganggu kesehatan ternak.

Indonesia continues to face a gap between milk production and national demand due to variable feed quality in smallholder dairy farming. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing a protected protein supplement based on roasted soybean and papaya leaf on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition, fatty acid profile, physiological status, hematological parameters, and economic performance of lactating Sapera goats. Sixteen goats were assigned to a control diet (R0) or diets supplemented with 5% (R1), 10% (R2), or 15% (R3) protected protein supplement for 49 days in a randomized block design. Supplementation increased dry matter intake by 15.3% and milk yield by 34.5% in R3, accompanied by higher milk component yields. Physiological and hematological parameters remained within normal ranges across treatments, while income over feed cost (IOFC) increased by 36% in R3. It is concluded that supplementation with a protected protein supplement based on roasted soybean and papaya leaf effectively improves the productivity and profitability of smallholder dairy goat farming without compromising animal health.