Pengaruh Proteksi Minyak Pupa Ulat Sutera dalam Bentuk Sabun Kalsium terhadap Methanogenesis, Fermentasi, dan Biohidrogenasi di Rumen In Vitro

Abstract

Pemanfaatan minyak pupa ulat sutera sebagai sumber asam lemak tak jenuh (UFA) dalam pakan ruminansia menghadapi kendala berupa penurunan degradabilitas dan proses biohidrogenasi UFA menjadi asam lemak jenuh (SFA) di dalam rumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi proteksi minyak pupa ulat sutera dalam bentuk sabun kalsium terhadap fermentasi rumen, biohidrogenasi asam lemak, dan populasi mikroorganisme rumen secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium BRIN Cibinong menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah: P0 (kontrol), P1 (minyak pupa 5%), P2 (sabun kalsium 5%), dan P3 (campuran minyak pupa 2,5% + sabun kalsium 2,5%). Data dianalisis dengan metode analysis of variance (ANOVA) menggunakan SPSS versi 26, apabila berbeda nyata diuji lanjut Duncan. Suplementasi dengan minyak pupa ulat sutra dapat mengurangi produksi CH4 sebesar 11% dibandingkan dengan kontrol (P < 0,05), sedangkan penggunaan Casoap meningkatkan produksi CH4 hingga 20%. Minyak pupa ulat sutera yang tidak terlindungi secara signifikan menghambat degradabilitas bahan kering dan bahan organik, yang disertai dengan penurunan konsentrasi volatile fatty acid (VFA) total. Ca-soap mempertahankan tingkat degradabilitas dan fermentasi yang sebanding dengan kontrol. Minyak pupa ulat sutera meningkatkan indeks biohidrogenasi, sedangkan Ca-soap secara signifikan menurunkan biohidrogenasi polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Perlakuan minyak pupa ulat sutera juga menurunkan Ruminococcus albus dan Ruminococcus flavafaciens. Sedangkan Ca-soap meningkatkan jumlah populasi Fibrobacter succinogenes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan minyak pupa ulat sutera tanpa proteksi efektif menurunkan produksi metana, sedangkan proteksi dalam bentuk sabun kalsium efektif mempertahankan fermentasi rumen dan mengurangi biohidrogenasi PUFA.

The utilization of silkworm pupae oil as a source of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in ruminant diets is constrained by reduced feed degradability and the biohydrogenation of UFAs into saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in the rumen. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of protecting silkworm pupae oil in the form of calcium soap on ruminal fermentation, fatty acid biohydrogenation, and rumen microbial populations under in vitro conditions. The experiment was conducted at the BRIN Cibinong Laboratory using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisting of four treatments and four replications. The treatments were as follows: P0 (control), P1 (5% silkworm pupae oil), P2 (5% calcium soap), and P3 (2.5% silkworm pupae oil + 2.5% calcium soap). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS version 26, and significant differences among treatments were further evaluated using Duncan's multiple range test. Supplementation with silkworm pupae oil reduced CH4 production by 11% compared with the control (P<0.05), whereas calcium soap supplementation increased CH4 production by up to 20%. Unprotected silkworm pupae oil significantly inhibited dry matter and organic matter degradability, accompanied by a reduction in total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. In contrast, calcium soap maintained degradability and fermentation characteristics comparable to those of the control. Furthermore, silkworm pupae oil increased the biohydrogenation index, whereas calcium soap significantly reduced polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biohydrogenation. Supplementation with silkworm pupae oil also decreased the populations of Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavafaciens, whereas calcium soap increased the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes. These findings indicate that unprotected silkworm pupae oil is effective in reducing methane production, while protection in the form of calcium soap effectively preserves ruminal fermentation and reduces PUFA biohydrogenation.