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      Prioritas Penyempurnaan Business Continuity Management pada Operasi LRT Jabodebek: Studi Mixed Methods-AHP

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Widhi, Diahayu Nugrahaning
      Novianti, Tanti
      Aruddy
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      Abstract
      Penelitian ini mengkaji pentingnya Business Continuity Management (BCM) dan Business Continuity Plan (BCP) di PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Divisi LRT Jabodebek, dengan mempertimbangkan kompleksitas sistem transportasi kereta api otomatis yang pada dasarnya bergantung pada keterkaitan berbagai komponen seperti sistem persinyalan, pasokan listrik, dan tenaga kerja. Data menunjukkan adanya kejadian gangguan operasional yang signifikan, yang ditunjukkan oleh 326 kasus kegagalan pintu kereta dari Januari 2024 hingga Maret 2025, yang berpotensi menimbulkan dampak finansial dan reputasi bagi organisasi. Meskipun terdapat banyak dokumen manajemen risiko di dalam organisasi, sejauh mana dokumen-dokumen tersebut diintegrasikan ke dalam kerangka kerja BCM yang menghubungkan operasi bisnis esensial, konsekuensi bisnis, tujuan pemulihan, dan metrik keberhasilan masih belum jelas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji unsur-unsur yang berkontribusi terhadap perumusan BCM/BCP dan untuk memprioritaskan unsur-unsur tersebut dengan menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan exploratory sequential mixed methods, yang diawali dengan tahap kualitatif yang mencakup analisis dokumen dan wawancara mendalam dengan lima peserta ahli dari empat fungsi utama: Operasional, Railway System, Safety, Health and Environment (SHE), serta Finance and Risk Management (FRM). Hasil dari fase kualitatif ini kemudian digunakan untuk mengembangkan kerangka kerja hierarkis untuk fase kuantitatif, dengan menerapkan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) melalui survei perbandingan berpasangan menggunakan skala Saaty. Kerangka kerja Business Continuity Plan (BCP) yang diterapkan mengikuti model Karakasidis (1997), yang sejalan dengan standar ISO 22301:2019, termasuk tahapan-tahapan mulai dari inisiasi proyek hingga pemeliharaan rencana yang berkelangsungan. Analisis kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa dokumen BCM dan BCP yang ada saat ini belum memiliki struktur yang komprehensif, konsisten, dan keterukuran, sehingga organisasi tersebut belum menerapkan Business Impact Analysis (BIA) yang terpadu, Recovery Time Objective (RTO) yang dapat diukur, maupun metrik kesiapan pemulihan yang eksplisit. Temuan AHP mengungkapkan bahwa kriteria Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) memiliki bobot prioritas tertinggi sebesar 0,33, diikuti oleh Sistem dan Teknologi (0,21), Faktor Eksternal (0,19), Infrastruktur (0,16), dan Operasi (0,12), dengan semua matriks perbandingan berpasangan menunjukkan konsistensi (CR < 0,10). Pada tingkatan inisiatif penyempurnaan, upaya-upaya seperti meningkatkan pemodelan risiko eksternal berbasis threshold dan penyusunan BIA yang komprehensif secara konsisten dinilai sebagai hal yang vital di berbagai kriteria. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, penelitian mengusulkan lima peningkatan penting: penyusunan Business Impact Analysis (BIA) yang komprehensif; penetapan Recovery Time Objective (RTO) untuk operasi vital; pengembangan metrik keberlanjutan kuantitatif; pengintegrasian KPI operasional (termasuk On-Time Performance dan Headway) ke dalam Business Continuity Plan (BCP); serta penguatan pemodelan risiko eksternal berbasis threshold. Penekanan pada BIA dan RTO sangat penting, karena keduanya merupakan landasan bagi elemen-elemen Business Continuity Management (BCM) lainnya. Para peneliti lebih lanjut menekankan bahwa saran-saran ini merupakan inisiatif kebijakan yang memerlukan persetujuan dan dukungan keuangan dari Dewan Direksi PT KAI, bukan sekadar keputusan yang diambil secara eksklusif di tingkat unit operasional. Untuk penelitian lebih lanjut, disarankan untuk melibatkan lebih banyak pihak, melakukan analisis sensitivitas, dan mengeksplorasi metodologi lain seperti Fuzzy AHP atau Analytical Network Process (ANP).
       
      This study examines the importance of Business Continuity Management (BCM) and Business Continuity Plans (BCPs) at PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)’s Jabodebek LRT Division, taking into account the complexity of automated rail transportation systems, which fundamentally depend on the interdependence of various components such as signaling systems, power supply, and the workforce. The data reveals significant operational disruptions, as evidenced by 326 cases of train door failures from January 2024 to March 2025, which have the potential to cause financial and reputational impacts on the organization. Although there are numerous risk management documents within the organization, the extent to which these documents are integrated into a BCM framework that links essential business operations, business consequences, recovery objectives, and success metrics remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to examine the elements that contribute to the formulation of BCM/BCP and to prioritize these elements using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This study employed an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach, beginning with a qualitative phase that included document analysis and in-depth interviews with five expert participants from four key functions: Operations, Railway System, Safety, Health, and Environment (SHE), and Finance and Risk Management (FRM). The results of this qualitative phase were then used to develop a hierarchical framework for the quantitative phase, applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) through a pairwise comparison survey using the Saaty scale. The Business Continuity Plan (BCP) framework implemented follows the Karakasidis (1997) model, which aligns with the ISO 22301:2019 standard, including stages ranging from project initiation to the ongoing maintenance of the plan. Qualitative analysis indicates that the current BCM and BCP documents lack a comprehensive, consistent, and measurable structure; consequently, the organization has not implemented an integrated Business Impact Analysis (BIA), a measurable Recovery Time Objective (RTO), or explicit recovery readiness metrics. The AHP findings reveal that the Human Resources (HR) criterion has the highest priority weight of 0.33, followed by Systems and Technology (0.21), External Factors (0.19), Infrastructure (0.16), and Operations (0.12), with all pairwise comparison matrices showing consistency (CR < 0.10). At the alternative level, efforts such as improving threshold-based external risk modeling and developing a comprehensive BIA were consistently rated as vital across various criteria. Based on the findings of this study, the research proposes five key improvements: the development of a comprehensive Business Impact Analysis (BIA); the establishment of a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) for critical operations; the development of quantitative sustainability metrics; the integration of operational KPIs (including On-Time Performance and Headway) into the Business Continuity Plan (BCP); and the strengthening of threshold-based external risk modeling. The emphasis on BIA and RTO is crucial, as both serve as the foundation for other elements of Business Continuity Management (BCM). The researchers further emphasize that these recommendations constitute policy initiatives requiring approval and financial support from the Board of Directors of PT KAI, rather than decisions made exclusively at the operational unit level. For further research, it is recommended to involve more stakeholders, conduct sensitivity analyses, and explore other methodologies such as Fuzzy AHP or the Analytical Network Process (ANP).
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179231
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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