Vaidasi Metode Lebar Tiga Jari Tengah sebagai Penentu Titik Sayatan Halal Pada Beberapa Rumpun Domba

Abstract

Menjaga kehalalan dalam produksi daging domba sangat penting, terutama selama proses penyembelihan. Penentuan titik sayatan yang tepat sesuai kaidah kehalalan dan prinsip kesejahteraan hewan menjadi tantangan ketika ternak masih dalam keadaan hidup. Posisi trakea, esofagus, arteri karotis dan vena jugularis yang wajib terputus pada saat penyembelihan berada setelah larynx. Penelitian ini bertujuan memvalidasi metode lebar tiga jari tengah sebagai dasar dalam penentuan titik sayatan yang tepat sesuai kaidah kehalalan dan prinsip kesejahteraan hewan, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi panjang larynx dan lebar tiga jari tengah. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2025 sampai Februari 2026 di RPH Bens Farm, Mitra Tani Farm, dan Masjid Jami’ An-Ni’mah pada momentum hari raya idul adha. Sebanyak 218 ekor domba terdiri atas empat rumpun berbeda yaitu, 39 domba ekor tipis, 94 domba ekor gemuk, 34 domba garut, dan 51 domba priangan dengan sebaran 93 ekor domba jantan dan 125 ekor betina. Data pada pria dewasa sebanyak 50 responden. Variabel yang diamati pada domba yaitu, panjang layrnx, rumpun domba, umur domba, jenis kelamin domba, ukuran morfometrik tubuh domba. Sedangkan, variabel yang diamati pada responden yaitu, lebar tiga jari tengah, tinggi badan, berat badan, dan usia. Data dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak IBM SPSS 29 dan Microsoft Excel. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu, statistik deskriptif, uji independent T-test, One-Way ANOVA, uji Duncan, korelasi Pearson, dan uji regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran morfometrik tubuh domba garut memiliki ukuran relatif lebih besar dibandingkan rumpun domba ekor tipis, domba ekor gemuk, dan domba priangan. Ukuran tubuh jantan memiliki nilai ukuran morfometrik relatif lebih besar dibandingkan betina. Domba yang diamati dalam penelitian ini sebesar 59,17% termasuk domba kerangka kecil. Bobot badan merupakan salah satu variabel yang memiliki nilai koefisien korelasi paling tinggi terhadap panjang larynx pada rumpun domba ekor tipis dan domba ekor gemuk. Pada hasil pengukuran terhadap responden, nilai tinggi badan dan bobot badan menunjukkan hubungan terhadap lebar tiga jari tengah. Pada hasil analisis deskriptif didapatkan nilai minimum lebar tiga jari tengah yaitu 5 cm dan nilai maksimumnya sebesar 5,98. Hasil pengukuran panjang larynx didapatkan nilai minimum 3,56 cm dan nilai maksimum sebesar 4,98 cm. Metode lebar tiga jari tengah (LTJT) dapat digunakan sebagai acuan praktik dalam menentukan sayatan penyembelihan halal pada empat rumpun domba ekor tipis, domba ekor gemuk, domba garut, dan domba priangan. Validasi anatomi menunjukkan seluruh panjang larynx pada empat rumpun domba yang diamati berada di bawah nilai minimum lebar tiga jari tengah.

Maintaining halal integrity in lamb meat production is particularly critical during the slaughter process. Determining the appropriate slaughter incision point that complies with both halal requirements and animal welfare principles is challenging while the animal is still alive. The trachea, esophagus, carotid arteries, jungular veins that must be severed during halal slaughter are located caudal to the larynx. This study aimed to validate the three-middle-finger width method as a practical reference for determining the appropriate slaughter incision point in accordance with halal requirements and animal welfare principles, as well as to identify the factors influencing larynx length and three-middle-finger width. Data were collected from Juni 2025 to February 2026 at Bens Farm Slaughterhouse, Mitra Tani Farm, and Jami’ An-Ni’mah Mosque during the Eid al-Adha slaughtering period. A total of 218 sheep representing four breeds were included in the study, consisting of 39 thin-tailed sheep, 94 fat tailed sheep, 34 garut sheep, and 51 priangan sheep, comprising 93 rams and 125 ewes. Data were collected from 50 adult male participants. The variables measured in the sheep included larynx length, breed, age, sex, and body morphometric measurements. In the adult male participants, the variables measured were the three-middle-finger width, body height, body weight, and age. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29 and Microsoft Excel. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistic, independent t-test, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Duncan’s multiple range test, Pearson correlation, and simple linier regression. The result showed that garut sheep exhibited relatively larger body morphometric measurements than thin-tailed, fat- tailed, and priangan sheep. Rams had relatively larger body morphometric measurements than ewes. Approximately 59,17% of the sheep observed in this study were classified as small frame size. Body weight showed the strongest correlation with larynx length in thin-tailed and fat-tailed sheep. Among the human participants, both body height and body weight were significantly associated with three-middle-finger width. Descriptive analysis indicated that the three-middle-finger width ranged from 5.00 to 5.98 cm, whereas laryngeal length ranged from 3.56 to 4.98 cm. The three-middle-fingers width method can be used as a practical reference for determining halal slaughter incisions in four groups of sheep: thin-tailed sheep, fat-tailed sheep, garut sheep, and priangan sheep. Anatomical validation showed that the overall length of the larynx in all four groups of sheep observed was below the minimum value for the three-middle-fingers width.