Dinamika Penataan Akses pada Program Reforma Agraria dan Hubungannya dengan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat (Kasus: Desa Mekarsari Kec. Panimbang, Pandeglang-Banten)

Abstract

Reforma Agraria tidak hanya berfokus pada redistribusi tanah (asset reform), tetapi juga pada penataan akses (access reform) agar tanah yang diterima masyarakat dapat dimanfaatkan secara produktif untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ciri kebijakan tanah yang pro-poor land policies, pelaksanaan penataan akses, serta hubungannya dengan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kampung Reforma Agraria Desa Mekarsari, Kecamatan Panimbang, Kabupaten Pandeglang. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods melalui wawancara mendalam, kuesioner terhadap 49 responden, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan Reforma Agraria telah mencerminkan karakteristik pro-poor land policies. Penataan akses dilaksanakan melalui penyediaan infrastruktur, pembinaan dan bimbingan, serta dukungan permodalan, meskipun implementasinya belum merata. Penataan akses memiliki hubungan dengan peningkatan kesehatan, kondisi perumahan, serta aspek sosial, namun hubungannya dengan pendidikan, ketenagakerjaan, taraf konsumsi, dan kemiskinan masih terbatas.

Agrarian Reform is not only concerned with land redistribution (asset reform) but also with access reform to ensure that redistributed land is utilized productively to improve community welfare. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of pro-poor land policies, the implementation of access reform, and its relationship with community welfare in the Agrarian Reform Village of Mekarsari, Panimbang District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. A mixed-methods approach was employed using in-depth interviews, questionnaires administered to 49 respondents, and document analysis. The results show that the Agrarian Reform policy reflects the characteristics of pro-poor land policies. Access reform has been implemented through infrastructure provision, capacity building, and capital support, although its implementation remains uneven. The implementation of access reform is associated with improvements in health, housing conditions, and social aspects, while its relationship with education, employment, consumption patterns, and poverty remains limited. Therefore, strengthening access reform is essential to promote sustainable community welfare.