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      Perencanaan Shelter dan Optimasi Keterjangkauan Evakuasi Tsunami di Kecamatan Palabuhanratu, Kabupaten Sukabumi

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Zafira, Aura Putri
      Putra, Heriansyah
      Erizal
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      Abstract
      Kecamatan Palabuhanratu merupakan kawasan pesisir yang memiliki tingkat kerawanan tsunami tinggi akibat adanya zona subduksi aktif di selatan Pulau Jawa serta tingginya konsentrasi penduduk pada wilayah pesisir sehingga memerlukan mitigasi yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan merencanakan skenario jumlah dan lokasi shelter tsunami, menganalisis hasil pemodelan jalur evakuasi menggunakan Network Analyst berbasis kecepatan konstan dan kemiringan jalan, serta membandingkan tingkat keterjangkauan yang dihasilkan oleh pendekatan radius jangkauan shelter, Network Analyst berbasis kecepatan konstan, dan Network Analyst berbasis kemiringan jalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis Line Density menghasilkan lokasi potensial shelter dan model Minimize Facilities menghasilkan 17 shelter sebagai jumlah minimum shelter sedangkan penambahan dua shelter pada wilayah gap layanan menghasilkan konfigurasi 19 shelter. Dibentuk enam skenario shelter yang merepresentasikan interval bertahap yaitu skenario sangat terbatas (1 shelter), terbatas (5 shelter), menengah (10 shelter), mendekati optimum (15 shelter). Analisis radius jangkauan menunjukkan bahwa persentase penduduk yang berada dalam radius jangkauan =900 m atau <20 menit meningkat secara bertahap dari setiap skenario hingga mencapai 95,80% pada skenario 17 shelter dan 100% pada skenario 19 shelter. Hasil pemodelan jalur evakuasi menggunakan Network Analyst juga menunjukkan peningkatan keterjangkauan penduduk pada setiap penambahan jumlah shelter. Pada skenario 19 shelter, pendekatan berbasis kecepatan konstan menghasilkan keterjangkauan penduduk dalam waktu =20 menit sebesar 95,13% sedangkan pendekatan berbasis kemiringan jalan menghasilkan 78,31%. Perbedaan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa integrasi faktor topografi di jaringan jalan melalui fungsi kemiringan jalan memengaruhi estimasi kecepatan berjalan dan waktu tempuh evakuasi sehingga menghasilkan jalur evakuasi serta tingkat keterjangkauan yang lebih realistis dibandingkan pendekatan kecepatan konstan dan radius jangkauan.
       
      Palabuhanratu District is a coastal area with a high level of tsunami hazard due to the presence of an active subduction zone south of Java Island and the high concentration of population in coastal areas, making effective mitigation measures essential. This study aims to develop tsunami shelter scenarios in terms of number and location, analyze evacuation route modeling using Network Analyst based on constant walking speed and Tobler’s Hiking Function, and compare accessibility levels generated by the shelter coverage radius, Network Analyst with constant walking speed, and Network Analyst with Tobler’s Hiking Function. The results show that the Line Density analysis identified 139 potential shelter locations. The Minimize Facilities model produced 17 shelters as the minimum number required, while the addition of two shelters in identified service-gap areas resulted in a configuration of 19 shelters. Six shelter scenarios representing gradual planning stages were developed, namely very limited (1 shelter), limited (5 shelters), moderate (10 shelters), near-optimal (15 shelters), mathematically optimal (17 shelters), and intervention-based optimal (19 shelters). Shelter coverage radius analysis indicated that the proportion of the population located within a service distance of =900 m or an evacuation time of <20 minutes increased progressively across all scenarios, reaching 95.80% in the 17-shelter scenario and 100% in the 19-shelter scenario. Evacuation route modeling using Network Analyst also demonstrated improved population accessibility with each additional shelter. In the 19-shelter scenario, the constant-speed Network Analyst achieved 95.13% population accessibility within =20 minutes, whereas the slope-adjusted Network Analyst achieved 78.31%. These findings indicate that incorporating road-network topography through a slope-adjusted walking speed function influences walking speed estimates and evacuation travel time, resulting in more realistic evacuation routes and accessibility assessments than those produced by the constant-speed and service-radius approaches.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178635
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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