Suplementasi Niasin dan Niasin Terproteksi terhadap Profil Fermentasi Rumen Domba Jantan

Abstract

Niasin merupakan prekursor NAD dan NADP, namun bioavailabilitasnya pada ruminansia rendah akibat degradasi di rumen. Teknologi proteksi niasin atau Rumen Protected Niacin (RPN) dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan ketersediaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi niasin dan RPN terhadap profil fermentasi rumen domba jantan fase pertumbuhan. Sebanyak 9 ekor domba Peranakan Garut berumur satu tahun disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga perlakuan, yaitu kontrol, niasin 800 mg kg?¹ BK pakan, dan RPN 800 mg kg?¹ BK pakan selama 70 hari. Suplementasi RPN berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) menurunkan konsentrasi VFA total dan meningkatkan proporsi asam butirat, namun tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap pH rumen, populasi protozoa, konsentrasi NH3, serta proporsi VFA lainnya dibandingkan kontrol. Seluruh parameter fermentasi rumen berada dalam kisaran normal. Simpulan penelitian ini, suplementasi RPN direkomendasikan karena dapat memodulasi fermentasi rumen dengan meningkatkan proporsi asam butirat, tanpa mengubah profil fermentasi keseluruhan.

Niacin is a precursor of NAD and NADP, however its bioavailability in ruminants is low due to degradation in the rumen. Rumen protected niacin (RPN) technology was developed to improve its availability. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of niacin and RPN supplementation on the rumen fermentation profile of growing male sheep. A total of nine one-year-old Garut crossbred sheep were assigned to a randomized block design (RBD) with three treatments: a control, niacin at 800 mg kg?¹ DM of diet, and RPN at 800 mg kg?¹ DM of diet for 70 days. RPN supplementation had a significant decrease (p<0.05) in total VFA concentration and increased the proportion of butyric acid, but had no significant effect (p>0.05) on ruminal pH, protozoal population, NH3 concentration, or the proportions of other individual VFAs compared to control. All rumen fermentation parameters were within the normal range. In conclusion, RPN supplementation is recommended because it may modulate rumen fermentation by increasing the proportion of butyric acid, without altering the overall fermentation profile.