Sumberdaya dan Strategi Penghidupan Rumah Tangga Petani Kopi Desa Sukawangi, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Komoditas kopi (Coffea spp.) berperan penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia, tetapi petani menghadapi keterbatasan modal, teknologi, akses pasar, dan masa tunggu panen. Hal ini mendorong petani menyusun strategi penghidupan dengan mengoptimalkan sumberdaya penghidupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan sumberdaya dan strategi penghidupan petani kopi serta menganalisis hubungan keduanya. Penelitian dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung data kualitatif melibatkan 30 petani anggota KTH Jabal Mulya Datar Tepus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan modal alam dan sosial berada pada kategori tinggi, sedang pada modal manusia, serta rendah pada modal fisik dan finansial. Strategi penghidupan meliputi intensifikasi melalui penggantian pohon dan pemupukan, ekstensifikasi melalui perluasan lahan garapan ke kawasan hutan. Selain itu petani juga melakukan diversifikasi nafkah. Uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara tingkat sumberdaya penghidupan dengan strategi intensifikasi-ekstensifikasi pertanian dan diversifikasi.

Coffee (Coffea spp.) is an important commodity for Indonesia’s economy; however, coffee farmers face limitations in capital, technology, market access, and the long waiting period before harvest. These conditions encourage farmers to develop livelihood strategies by optimizing their livelihood resources. This study aims to describe the livelihood resources and strategies of coffee farmers and to analyze the correlation between them. The study employed a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data and involved 30 coffee farmers who are members of the Jabal Mulya Datar Tepus Forest Farmers Group (KTH). The results showed that natural and social capital were categorized as high, human capital as moderate, and physical and financial capital as low. Livelihood strategies included intensification through tree replacement and fertilization, extensification through expanding cultivated land into forest areas, and livelihood diversification. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the level of household livelihood resources and agricultural intensification-extensification and livelihood diversification strategies.