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      Pengaruh Rasio Protein Susu dan Tekanan Homogenisasi terhadap Stabilitas Minuman via Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Firhani, Muhammad Yulizar
      Sitanggang, Azis Boing
      Budijanto, Slamet
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      Abstract
      Populasi lanjut usia di Indonesia pada tahun 2025 diperkirakan mencapai 11,93% dengan angka harapan hidup 74,47 tahun dan dengan tren yang terus meningkat. Minuman protein fungsional yang memadukan protein whey, kasein, dan isolat protein kedelai serta mengandung asam amino leusin, lisin, dan arginin dapat mendukung kesehatan lansia. Formulasi yang menggunakan kombinasi whey dan kasein, dengan pengaturan tekanan homogenisasi menggunakan metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM), berpotensi menghasilkan produk yang stabil. Proses pemanasan sterilisasi pada mesin autoclave menghasilkan nilai F0 setara dengan 16,56-19,89 menit yang jauh lebih cukup dari kesetaraan F0 terhadap target penurunan logaritmik spora Clostridium botulinum sebanyak 12 siklus atau setara dengan 3 menit. Berdasarkan analisis RSM, rasio whey dan kasein dengan persentase tertinggi (70%) menghasilkan persentase endapan tertinggi dengan rentang 2,46–2,86%, diameter hidrodinamis terbesar dengan rentang 972,53- 1390,28 nm, dan viskositas terendah dengan rentang 6,31-8,06 mPa.s yang berarti stabilitasnya paling rendah. Nilai zeta potensial yang diperoleh berkisar antara - 26,55 mV hingga -21,28 mV, tanpa adanya hubungan dengan rasio whey dan kasein maupun tekanan tahap 1 homogenisasi. Variasi tekanan tahap 1 homogenisasi antara 100 hingga 150 bar tidak mempengaruhi persentase endapan, diameter hidrodinamis, maupun zeta potensial pada larutan protein rendah lemak tersebut kecuali hanya pada variable respon viskositas. Penggunaan kasein yang dominan dalam formulasi serta pengaturan tekanan tahap 1 homogenisasi pada tingkat terendah memberikan hasil paling efisien baik dari segi stabilitas produk maupun biaya produksi. Kata kunci: whey kasein, homogenisasi, RSM, nilai F0, stabilitas produk
       
      The elderly population in Indonesia is projected to reach 11.93% by 2025, with a life expectancy of 74.47 years and a continuing upward trend. A functional protein beverage combining whey protein, casein, and soy protein isolate which has a combination of the amino acids leucine, lysine, and arginine can support the health of the elderly. Formulations utilizing a combination of whey and casein, with homogenization pressures optimized via Response Surface Methodology (RSM), have the potential to yield a stable product. Autoclave heat treatment resulted in F0 values ranging from 16.56 to 19.89 minutes, this far exceeds the F0 equivalent required to achieve a 12-log reduction in Clostridium botulinum spores (equivalent to 3 minutes). RSM analysis indicated that the ratio with the highest whey and casein percentage (70%) resulted in the highest sedimentation (2.46–2.86%), the largest hydrodynamic diameter (972.53–1390.28 nm), and the lowest viscosity (6.31–8.06 mPa.s), signifying the lowest stability. Zeta potential values ranged from -26.55 mV to -21.28 mV, showing no correlation with either the whey-to-casein ratio or the first-stage homogenization pressure. Varying the first-stage homogenization pressure between 100 and 150 bar did not affect sedimentation, hydrodinamic diameter, or zeta potential in the low-fat protein solution, influencing only the viscosity response variable. A formulation dominated by casein, combined with the lowest first-stage homogenization pressure setting, yielded the most efficient results regarding both product stability and production costs. Keywords: whey casein, homogenization, RSM, F0 value, product stability
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177975
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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