Daya Saing dan Dinamika Ekspor Sarang Burung Walet Indonesia di Lima Negara Tujuan Utama

Abstract

Sarang Burung Walet merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor unggulan Indonesia yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan permintaan besar di pasar internasional. Selama periode 2015-2024, lebih dari 95 persennilai ekspor sarang burung walet Indonesia berasal dari lima negara tujuan utama, yaitu Cina, Hongkong, Vietnam, Amerika Serikat, dan Singapura. Sebagai produsen terbesar dunia, Indonesia memasok lebih dari 60 persen kebutuhan global. Namun, kinerja ekspor masih fluktuatif, sementara permintaan impor sarang burung walet di beberapa negara tujuan utama terus mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing, dan potensi pengembangan pasar ekspor sarang burung walet Indonesia di lima negara tujuan utama. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder tahunan periode 2015-2024 dengan Kode HS 041090 yang bersumber dari UN Comtrade dan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), dan X-Model Potential Export Products. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia berdaya saing kuat di lima negara tujuan, namun dinamika daya saing berbeda antarnegara. Terjadi pergeseran posisi di Cina dan Hongkong dari Rising star menjadi retreat pada masa pandemi. Hasil analisis X-Model menunjukkan Vietnam sebagai pasar paling optimis karena secara konsisten berada pada klasifikasi pasar optimis sepanjang periode penelitian. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia perlu meningkatkan daya saing ekspor melalui perbaikan kualitas serta peningkatan nilai tambah produk sarang burung walet.

Edible Bird's Nest is one of Indonesia's leading export commodities with high economic value and strong demand in the international market. During the 2015-2024 period, more than 95 percent of Indonesia's EBN export value was concentrated in five major destination countries, namely Cina, Hong Kong, Vietnam, the United States, and Singapore. As the world's largest producer, Indonesia supplies more than 60 percent of global EBN demand. However, Indonesia's EBN export performance has remained fluctuating, while import demand has continued to increase in several major destination countries. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness and market development potential of Indonesia's EBN exports in the five major destination countries. The study employed annual secondary data for the 2015-2024 period using HS Code 041090, obtained from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade) and Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The analytical methods used were Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and the X-Model Potential Export Products. The results indicate that Indonesia possesses a strong comparative advantage in all five destination countries, although the competitiveness dynamics vary across markets. Cina and Hong Kong shifted from the Rising star position to Retreat during the pandemic period, while Vietnam consistently maintained the Rising star position. The X-Model analysis identifies Vietnam as the most promising export market, as it consistently remained in the Optimistic Market category throughout the study period. Therefore, Indonesia should strengthen its export competitiveness by improving product quality and increasing the value added of edible bird's nest products.