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      Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Kulit Nanas, Lactobacillus plantarum, dan Kombinasinya untuk Ketahanan Ikan Lele terhadap Infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      SIAGIAN, SHYALOM APRILYANA ANGGITA
      Wahjuningrum, Dinamella
      Yuhana, Munti
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      Abstract
      Ikan lele (Clarias sp.) merupakan salah satu komoditas ikan air tawar yang rentan terhadap penyakit akibat infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila. Salah satu upaya pencegahan yang berpotensi diterapkan adalah pemanfaatan ekstrak kulit nanas, Lactobacillus plantarum, serta kombinasi keduanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas ekstrak kulit nanas, L. plantarum, dan kombinasinya sebagai tindakan pencegahan terhadap infeksi A. hydrophila pada ikan lele. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan, yang terdiri atas kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, ekstrak kulit nanas sebanyak 0,5 mL per 100 g pakan, probiotik L. plantarum (108 CFU mL?¹) sebanyak 1 mL per 100 g pakan, serta kombinasi keduanya dengan dosis masing-masing setengah dari perlakuan tunggal. Parameter yang diamati meliputi performa pertumbuhan, respons imun (eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, leukosit, aktivitas fagositosis, dan respiratory burst), gejala klinis, serta tingkat kelangsungan hidup setelah uji tantang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kombinasi ekstrak kulit nanas sebanyak 0,25 mL per 100 g pakan dan L. plantarum dengan kepadatan sel 108 CFU mL?¹ sebanyak 0,5 mL per 100 g pakan memberikan hasil terbaik dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan perlakuan tunggal maupun kontrol positif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perlakuan KNL kombinasi ekstrak kuli nanas madu (Ananas comosus L. Merr) dan probiotik L. plantarum memberikan hasil terbaik dalam meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan, memperkuat respons imun, dan menjaga stabilitas fisiologis ikan selama masa pemeliharaan, serta menghasilkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi setelah uji tantang, yaitu 90,00±8,16%, dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol positif yang hanya mencapai 47,50±9,57%.
       
      Catfish (Clarias sp.) is a freshwater commodity that is susceptible to disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection. One potentially applicable preventive measure is the utilization of pineapple peel extract, Lactobacillus plantarum, and their combination. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of pineapple peel extract, L. plantarum, and their combination as a preventive approach against A. hydrophila infection in catfish. A completely randomized design was employed with five treatments and four replications, consisting of positive control, negative control, pineapple peel extract at 0.5 mL 100 g?¹ feed, probiotic L. plantarum (108 CFU mL?¹) at 1 mL 100 g?¹ feed, and their combination at half the respective doses. Parameters observed included growth performance, immune responses (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, phagocytic activity, and respiratory burst), clinical signs, and survival rate after challenge test. The results demonstrated that the combination treatment of pineapple peel extract at 0.25 mL 100 g?¹ feed and L. plantarum at a cells density of 108 CFU mL?¹ (0.5 mL 100 g?¹ feed) yielded the best outcomes and was significantly different (P<0.05) from both single treatments and the positive control. This study concluded that the KNL treatment, consisting of a combination of honey pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) peel extract and the probiotic L. plantarum, produced the best results in improving growth performance, enhancing the immune response, and maintaining the physiological stability of catfish during the rearing period. Furthermore, this treatment resulted in the highest survival rate following the challenge test, reaching 90.00 ± 8.16%, compared with the positive control treatment, which exhibited a survival rate of only 47.50 ± 9.57%.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177684
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