DAMPAK INDUSTRIALISASI PESISIR TERHADAP STRATEGI NAFKAH RUMAH TANGGA (Kasus: Lingkungan Medaksa Seberang, Kota Cilegon)

Abstract

Industrialisasi pesisir yang ditandai dengan keberadaan PT Timas Merak dan Pelabuhan Eksekutif Merak telah membawa perubahan pada kondisi lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi rumah tangga pesisir di Lingkungan Medaksa Seberang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap industrialisasi, dampak yang dirasakan, kondisi modal nafkah, strategi nafkah, serta hubungan antara dampak industrialisasi dengan modal nafkah dan strategi nafkah. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung data kualitatif melalui survei terhadap 52 responden dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat cenderung negatif, terutama pada aspek lingkungan, infrastruktur, dan akses ekonomi. Modal manusia dan modal fisik merupakan modal yang paling kuat, sedangkan modal finansial dan modal sumber daya alam tergolong paling rendah. Strategi nafkah yang diterapkan masih didominasi strategi defensif. Uji korelasi Rank Spearman menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara dampak industrialisasi dengan modal nafkah (r=0,464; p<0,001), dampak industrialisasi dengan strategi nafkah (r=0,380; p=0,005), serta modal nafkah dengan strategi nafkah (r=0,590; p<0,001).

Coastal industrialization marked by the presence of PT Timas Merak and Merak Executive Port has brought changes to the environmental, social, and economic conditions of coastal households in the Medaksa Seberang area. This study aims to analyze community perceptions of industrialization, perceived impacts, livelihood capital conditions, livelihood strategies, and the relationship between the impact of industrialization and livelihood capital and livelihood strategies. The study used a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data through a survey of 52 respondents and in-depth interviews with key informants. The results showed that community perceptions tended to be negative, especially in the aspects of the environment, infrastructure, and economic access. Human capital and physical capital were the strongest capital, while financial capital and natural resource capital were the lowest. The livelihood strategies implemented were still dominated by defensive strategies. Spearman's Rank correlation test shows a significant relationship between the impact of industrialization and livelihood assets (r=0.464; p<0.001), the impact of industrialization and livelihood strategies (r=0.380; p=0.005), and livelihood assets and livelihood strategies (r=0.590; p<0.001).