Karakteristik Pertumbuhan Morfologi Stylosanthes guianensis Hasil Iradiasi Gamma pada Cekaman Salinitas Berbeda Secara In Vitro

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi karakteristik pertumbuhan morfologi Stylosanthes guianensis hasil iradiasi gamma pada cekaman salinitas berbeda secara in vitro. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan enam dosis iradiasi gamma (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, dan 500 Gy). Setiap perlakuan diuji pada tiga tingkat salinitas (1000, 3000, dan 5000 ppm) dengan 25 ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iradiasi gamma berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,01) terhadap tinggi vertikal pada salinitas rendah, waktu kemunculan daun pertama pada salinitas rendah dan tinggi, serta jumlah daun tunggal dan daun trifoliate pada beberapa periode pengamatan. Dosis 100-400 Gy meningkatkan viabilitas, tinggi vertikal, dan perkembangan daun dibandingkan kontrol, sedangkan dosis 500 Gy menurunkan pertumbuhan morfologi dan meningkatkan abnormalitas tanaman. Simpulan penelitian ini, S. guianensis mampu mempertahankan viabilitas hingga salinitas 5000 ppm, meskipun pertumbuhan morfologinya menurun.

This study aimed to evaluate the morphological growth characteristics of gamma-irradiated Stylosanthes guianensis under different salinity stress conditions in vitro. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six gamma irradiation doses (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 Gy). Each treatment was tested under three salinity levels (1000, 3000, and 5000 ppm) with 25 replicates. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test. The results showed that gamma irradiation had a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on vertical height under low salinity, time to first leaf emergence under low and high salinity, and the number of single and trifoliate leaves at several observation periods. Irradiation doses of 100–400 Gy improved viability, vertical height, and leaf development compared with the control, whereas the 500 Gy dose reduced morphological growth and increased plant abnormalities. Overall, S. guianensis was able to maintain viability up to 5000 ppm salinity, although its morphological growth was reduced.