Kinerja Usaha Ternak Sapi Perah Rakyat di Desa Suntenjaya Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Abstract

Usaha ternak sapi perah rakyat menyumbang sekitar 80 persen produksi susu nasional, namun baru memenuhi 20-22 persen konsumsi sehingga Indonesia bergantung pada impor. Kecamatan Lembang didukung kelembagaan KPSBU yang kuat, namun skala usaha peternak masih didominasi kepemilikan 1-5 ekor dengan kajian empiris tingkat desa yang masih terbatas, khususnya di Desa Suntenjaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja fisik dan kinerja berdasarkan nilai usaha ternak sapi perah rakyat melalui analisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi serta analisis tingkat keuntungan usaha. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif terhadap 63 peternak dengan fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas metode OLS, analisis keuntungan, dan R/C ratio. Hasil menunjukkan pakan hijauan dan konsentrat berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap produksi (a=5%), dengan produktivitas 14,05 liter/ekor/hari mencerminkan kinerja fisik yang unggul. Di sisi lain, kinerja berdasarkan nilai belum bergerak beriringan, dengan R/C atas biaya tunai 1,51 tetapi R/C atas biaya total hanya 0,96, menunjukkan usaha belum efisien apabila seluruh biaya diperhitungkan sebagai biaya produksi.

Smallholder dairy farming contributes about 80% of Indonesia's national milk production, yet meets only 20-22% of consumption, leaving the country reliant on imports. Lembang District is supported by a strong KPSBU cooperative, yet farm scale remains dominated by ownership of 1-5 cattle, with village-level empirical studies still limited, particularly in Suntenjaya Village. This study aimed to analyze the physical and value performance of smallholder dairy farms through the factors affecting production and the level of farm profitability. The study employed a quantitative descriptive approach on 63 farmers using the Cobb-Douglas production function estimated by the OLS method, profitability analysis, and R/C ratio. Results showed that forage and concentrate feed had a significant positive effect on production (a=5%), with a productivity of 14.05 liters/head/day reflecting strong physical performance. However, value performance did not move in tandem, with an R/C ratio of 1.51 on cash costs but only 0.96 on total costs, indicating the farm was not yet efficient when all costs were accounted for as production costs.