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      Aplikasi Ethanol Emitter dan Minyak Serai sebagai Kemasan Anti-Kapang pada Produk Buah Duku

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Issustiarani, Azzahra
      Suyatma, Nugraha Edhi
      Budi, Faleh Setia
      Indrasti, Dias
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      Abstract
      Buah duku (Lansium domesticum) merupakan buah tropis bernilai ekonomi tinggi, tetapi mudah mengalami kerusakan pascapanen yang ditandai oleh pencokelatan kulit, susut bobot, pelunakan tekstur, dan pembusukan akibat mikroorganisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengevaluasi sistem kemasan aktif berbasis ethanol–lemongrass oil emitter (ELOE) sebagai kemasan anti-kapang pada buah duku. Tujuan khusus penelitian meliputi penentuan nilai MIC minyak serai terhadap Aspergillus niger, penentuan kombinasi konsentrasi minyak serai dan bobot emitter yang menghasilkan aktivitas antikapang terbaik, karakterisasi saset EE dan ELOE, serta evaluasi pengaruh posisi penempatan saset terhadap mutu fisik dan sensori buah duku selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap. Tahap pertama meliputi penentuan MIC minyak serai terhadap A. niger dan penentuan dosis emitter dengan variasi bobot 0,5; 1; dan 2,5 g serta konsentrasi minyak serai 0; 0,5; 1; dan 2 MIC. Tahap kedua yaitu formulasi dan karakterisasi saset EE dan ELOE melalui pengujian aktivitas anti-kapang, penyerapan uap air, perubahan bobot, dan pelepasan etanol ke dalam headspace kemasan. Tahap ketiga meliputi aplikasi saset pada kemasan buah duku dengan perlakuan KTT, KBT, EE atas, EE bawah, EE bawah kecil, ELOE atas, ELOE bawah, dan ELOE bawah kecil. Parameter yang diamati meliputi perubahan warna total (?E), perubahan browning index (?BI), susut bobot, persentase kerusakan buah, dan penerimaan sensori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak serai memiliki aktivitas antikapang terhadap A. niger dengan nilai MIC sebesar 2,25 mg/mL. Formulasi ELOE dengan konsentrasi minyak serai 2 MIC dan bobot emitter 2,5 g menghasilkan aktivitas anti-kapang terbaik secara in vitro. Perlakuan ELOE 2 MIC menghasilkan penghambatan pertumbuhan A. niger paling tinggi dibandingkan EE dan ELOE pada konsentrasi lebih rendah. Saset EE dan ELOE menunjukkan karakteristik pelepasan etanol secara bertahap. Aplikasi saset ELOE pada buah duku menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap beberapa parameter mutu fisik dan sensori, tetapi belum menunjukkan efektivitas yang konsisten dalam menekan kerusakan buah. Pengukuran warna menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap perubahan warna total kulit buah (?E), sedangkan nilai ?BI meningkat nyata seiring bertambahnya waktu penyimpanan. Perlakuan berkemasan mampu menekan susut bobot dibandingkan kontrol tanpa tutup. Namun, ELOE belum menunjukkan keunggulan yang konsisten dibandingkan KBT maupun EE dalam menekan kerusakan buah. Sistem ELOE juga belum mampu memperpanjang masa simpan buah duku hingga lebih dari satu minggu karena sebagian besar perlakuan menunjukkan kerusakan tinggi pada hari ke-7. Pada uji sensori, posisi saset di bagian atas memberikan penerimaan yang lebih baik, terutama pada atribut warna kulit dan aroma. Secara umum, ELOE berpotensi sebagai kemasan aktif anti-kapang, tetapi beberapa parameter masih perlu dioptimalkan.
       
      Duku fruit (Lansium domesticum) is a tropical fruit with high economic value, but it is highly susceptible to postharvest deterioration, which is characterized by peel browning, weight loss, texture softening, and microbial decay. This study aimed to design and evaluate an active packaging system based on an ethanol–lemongrass oil emitter (ELOE) as antifungal packaging for duku fruit. The specific objectives were to determine the MIC value of lemongrass oil against Aspergillus niger, determine the combination of lemongrass oil concentration and emitter weight that produced the best antifungal activity, characterize EE and ELOE sachets, and evaluate the effect of sachet placement on the physical and sensory quality of duku fruit during storage. The study was conducted in three stages. The first stage included the determination of the MIC of lemongrass oil against A. niger and the determination of emitter dosage using emitter weights of 0.5, 1, and 2.5 g with lemongrass oil concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 MIC. The second stage included the formulation and characterization of EE and ELOE sachets through antifungal activity testing, water vapor absorption, weight change, and ethanol release into the package headspace. The third stage included the application of sachets in duku fruit packaging with several treatments, namely KTT, KBT, EE top, EE bottom, EE small bottom, ELOE top, ELOE bottom, and ELOE small bottom. The observed parameters included total color change (?E), browning index change (?BI), weight loss, fruit decay percentage, and sensory acceptance. The results showed that lemongrass oil had antifungal activity against A. niger, with an MIC value of 2.25 mg/mL. The ELOE formulation with lemongrass oil at 2 MIC and an emitter weight of 2.5 g showed the best in vitro antifungal activity. The ELOE 2 MIC treatment produced the highest inhibition of A. niger growth compared with EE and ELOE at lower concentrations. EE and ELOE sachets showed gradual ethanol release characteristics during storage. The application of ELOE sachets to duku fruit affected several physical and sensory quality parameters, but it did not show consistent effectiveness in reducing fruit decay. Color measurement showed that the treatments did not significantly affect total peel color change (?E), while ?BI increased significantly with storage time. Packaged treatments reduced weight loss compared with the uncovered control. However, ELOE did not show consistent superiority over KBT or EE in reducing fruit decay. The ELOE system was also unable to extend the shelf life of duku fruit for more than one week because most treatments showed high decay on day 7. In the sensory evaluation, sachet placement at the top of the package resulted in better acceptance, especially for peel color and aroma attributes. Overall, ELOE has potential as an antifungal active packaging system, but several parameters still need to be optimized.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/176933
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