Rancang Bangun dan Uji Kinerja Alat Pengukur Gangguan Kebauan Lingkungan

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengembangkan Olfacto-Sens, alat ukur gangguan kebauan lingkungan berbasis metode panel yang bersifat real time dan portable, sebagai jawaban atas belum tersedianya instrumen pengukuran kebauan terstandar di Indonesia meskipun regulasi (KepMen LH No. 50/1996 dan PP No. 22/2021) mensyaratkan metode panel. Kebaruan utama alat ini adalah mengalirkan udara ambien langsung ke hidung panelis tanpa pengenceran kimia, berbeda dari olfaktometri dinamis konvensional yang kompleks dan mahal, sekaligus melengkapi Olfacto-Screen (Putri et al. 2025) yang berfungsi menyaring panelis. Secara konstruksi, alat terdiri atas pipa intake aluminium, pipa utama stainless steel dengan dua motor kipas, delapan pipa cabang dan sniffing port, serta ditenagai baterai lithium-ion 6000 mAh dan panel surya 60 W, dengan pemilihan material disesuaikan fungsi tiap komponen. Perhitungan aliran fluida dan kebutuhan daya menunjukkan spesifikasi kipas, baterai, dan panel surya yang digunakan memadai untuk mencapai target kecepatan udara 1 m/s. Hasil uji kinerja menunjukkan kecepatan udara pada sniffing port stabil di sekitar target (rerata 0,997 m/s, CV 4,75%) tanpa perbedaan signifikan antar panelis, sampel, maupun ulangan. Respons hedonik panelis terhadap paparan NH3 yang hampir identik juga sangat konsisten, dengan hubungan konsentrasi-hedonik mengikuti model logaritmik (R² = 0,75). Penilaian hedonik berbeda nyata antar sampel (amonia paling tidak disukai, diikuti n-butanol, lalu udara ambien paling netral), dikonfirmasi uji ANOVA dan Tukey HSD (p < 0,0001), sementara pengaruh suhu terhadap skala hedonik perlu diinterpretasikan lebih lanjut karena adanya perancu jenis sampel. Uji lapangan di SWAM, UNILAB, dan PT BMTI membuktikan alat mampu membedakan lokasi tanpa bau, cukup tidak sedap, dan tidak sedap, termasuk mendeteksi efektivitas unit de-odorizer dalam menurunkan intensitas bau.

This study developed Olfacto-Sens, a real-time, portable panel-based instrument for measuring environmental odour nuisance, in response to the absence of a standardised odour-measurement instrument in Indonesia despite existing regulations (KepMen LH No. 50/1996 and PP No. 22/2021) requiring the panel method. The instrument's principal novelty lies in delivering ambient air directly to panellists' noses without chemical dilution, distinguishing it from conventional dynamic olfactometry, which is comparatively complex and costly, while also complementing Olfacto-Screen (Putri et al. 2025), an instrument used to screen panellists. Structurally, the device comprises an aluminium intake pipe, a stainless-steel main pipe fitted with two fan motors, eight branch pipes and sniffing ports, and is powered by a 6000 mAh lithium-ion battery and a 60 W solar panel, with material selection tailored to the function of each component. Fluid-flow and power-requirement calculations demonstrated that the specifications of the fans, battery, and solar panel used were adequate to achieve the target air velocity of 1 m/s. Performance testing showed that air velocity at the sniffing ports remained stable around the target value (mean 0.997 m/s, CV 4.75%), with no significant differences observed among panellists, samples, or replications. Panellists' hedonic responses to near-identical NH3 exposures were also highly consistent, with the concentration–hedonic relationship following a logarithmic model (R² = 0.75). Hedonic scores differed significantly across samples (ammonia rated least favourably, followed by n-butanol, with ambient air rated most neutral), as confirmed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (p < 0.0001), while the influence of temperature on hedonic scores warrants further interpretation owing to confounding with sample type. Field trials at SWAM, UNILAB, and PT BMTI demonstrated the instrument's ability to distinguish between odourless, moderately unpleasant, and unpleasant locations, including detecting the effectiveness of a de-odoriser unit in reducing odour intensity.