Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Financial Distress BPRS di Indonesia Menggunakan Model Springate Periode 2020–2025

Abstract

Kinerja keuangan Bank Perekonomian Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) dapat memengaruhi stabilitas dalam sektor keuangan syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan kinerja keuangan serta pengaruh rasio keuangan terhadap financial distress pada BPRS di Indonesia periode 2020–2025. Financial distress diukur menggunakan model Springate (S-Score), dengan metode analisis deskriptif dan regresi data panel dari 153 BPRS dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja keuangan BPRS mengalami pertumbuhan ditandai peningkatan total aset, pembiayaan, dan DPK, namun kinerja rasio keuangan BPRS menunjukkan tekanan yang berpotensi mengarah pada kondisi financial distress. Berdasarkan model Springate, seluruh BPRS di Indonesia periode 2020–2025 berada dalam kategori distress zone. Hasil regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa FDR berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan, NPF, BOPO, dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan, sedangkan ROA berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap financial distress yang diukur menggunakan nilai Springate Score.

The financial performance of Sharia Rural Banks (BPRS) can affected stability in the Islamic finance sector. This study aimed to analyze trends in financial performance and the impact of financial ratios on financial distress at BPRS in Indonesia during the 2020–2025 period. Financial distress was measured using the Springate (S-Score) model, employing descriptive analysis and panel data regression on 153 BPRS using the Fixed Effects Model (FEM) approach. The findings indicated that the financial performance of BPRS had improved, as evidenced by increases in total assets, financing, and customer deposits; however, the performance of BPRS financial ratios shows signs of strain that could potentially lead to financial distress. Based on the Springate model, all BPRS in Indonesia during the 2020–2025 period fall into the distress zone category. The panel data regression results showed that the FDR has a non-significant negative effect, while NPF, BOPO, and firm size had significant negative effects, conversely, ROA had a significant positive effect on financial distress as measured by the Springate Score.