Manajemen Penyediaan Hijauan Pakan dan Analisis Pendapatan Usaha Peternakan Domba Rakyat Semi intensif dan Intensif

Abstract

Penyediaan hijauan merupakan salah satu komponen utama dalam usaha peternakan domba, karena akan memengaruhi biaya produksi dan keberlanjutan usaha peternakan. Sebagian peternak domba rakyat belum memahami sistem pemeliharaan yang ideal, sehingga manajemen pemberian pakan kurang optimal dan menurunkan tingkat keuntungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik peternak, manajemen penyediaan hijauan, serta pendapatan usaha pada peternakan domba rakyat berdasarkan manajemen pemberian pakan berbeda. Data diperoleh dalam bentuk data primer melalui wawancara dan observasi lapangan. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif, R/C ratio dan analisis independent T-Test terhadap manajemen pemberian pakan semi intensif dan intensif. Penelitian menghasilkan adanya perbedaan antara manajemen penyediaan pakan berbeda terhadap pengalaman beternak, jumlah ternak, jarak mengarit, kapasitas mengarit, dan jumlah pemberian pakan. Manajemen intensif memiliki penyediaan hijauan yang lebih tinggi, serta menghasilkan penerimaan, biaya tunai, dan pendapatan tunai yang lebih besar dibandingkan semi intensif. Simpulan perhitungan R/C rasio peternak domba rakyat mengalami kerugian apabila dihitung seluruh biaya baik yang bersifat tunai maupun non tunai. Nilai R/C rasio bernilai > 1 apabila perhitungan hanya komponen penerimaan dan pengeluaran bersifat tunai

Forage provision is one of the main components of sheep farming because it significantly affects production costs and the sustainability of the farming enterprise. Many smallholder sheep farmers have not yet implemented appropriate production systems, resulting in suboptimal feed management and reduced farm profitability. This study aimed to analyze farmer characteristics, forage provision management, and farm income in smallholder sheep farming. Primary data were collected through interviews and field observations. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, the Revenue-Cost (R/C) ratio, and an independent t-test to compare semi-intensive and intensive feeding management systems. The results showed significant differences between the two feeding management systems in terms of farming experience, flock size, forage collection distance, forage collection capacity, and the amount of forage provided. The intensive system was characterized by a higher level of forage provision and generated greater revenue, cash costs, and cash income than the semi-intensive system. Conclusion R/C ratio analysis showed that smallholder sheep farming was unprofitable when all production costs, including both cash and non-cash costs, were taken into account. However, the R/C ratio was greater than 1 when the calculation included only cash receipts and cash expenditures.