PENAMBAHAN BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT (BPF) TERHADAP KOMUNITAS FITOPLANKTON DAN KUALITAS AIR PADA PEMELIHARAAN UDANG VANAME Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

Peningkatan intensitas budidaya udang vaname dapat menyebabkan akumulasi bahan organik dan senyawa nitrogen yang menurunkan kualitas air media pemeliharaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat (BPF) terhadap dinamika fosfor, kualitas air, kelimpahan fitoplankton, serta performa biologis udang vaname selama pemeliharaan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu kontrol tanpa penambahan BPF (K), penambahan bakteri kepadatan 102 CFU mL-1 (P2), penambahan bakteri kepadatan 104 CFU mL-1 (P4), penambahan bakteri kepadatan 106 CFU mL-1 (P6) dengan tiga kali ulangan selama 28 hari pemeliharaan. Udang uji yang digunakan adalah udang vaname berukuran 1,5±0,5 gram yang dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran (30×30×30) cm3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan BPF memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap nilai ortofosfat, total fosfat, nitrit, dan TOM tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata pada TAN, nitrat, RKP, LPS, dan TKH. Penambahan bakteri dengan kepadatan 106 CFU mL-1 merupakan dosis paling efektif dalam menjaga kondisi lingkungan budidaya.

Intensification of white shrimp L. vannamei culture may lead to the accumulation of organic matter and nitrogenous compounds that deteriorate the water quality of the rearing media. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) addition on phosphorus dynamics, water quality, phytoplankton abundance, and the biological performance of white shrimp during the culture period. The study employed a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments: control without PSB addition (K), bacterial addition at a density of 102 CFU mL-1 (P2), bacterial addition at a density of 104 CFU mL-1 (P4), bacterial addition at a density of 106 CFU mL-1 (P6), with three replications for 28 days of culture. The experimental shrimp used were white shrimp weighing 1,5±0,5 g, reared in (30x30x30) cm3 aquariums. The results showed that PSB addition significantly affected orthophosphate, nitrite, and total organic matter (TOM), but had no significant effect on total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate, feed convertion rasio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate (SR). The addition of bacteria at a density of 106 CFU mL-1 was the most effective dose in maintaining the environmental conditions of the culture system.