Analisis Pengaruh Sustainable Financing terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2021-2024

Abstract

Perubahan iklim dan tuntutan keuangan berkelanjutan mendorong Bank Umum Syariah BUS mengimplementasikan sustainable financing, meskipun dampaknya terhadap profitabilitas masih beragam. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh sustainable financing (LSF) dan sustainable financing ratio (SFR) terhadap profitabilitas BUS yang diukur melalui ROA, ROE, dan NIM, dengan variabel kontrol LTA, BOPO, NPF, EAR, FDR, dan GDP, menggunakan data panel 10 BUS periode 2021–2024 melalui regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan LSF tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA, ROE, maupun NIM. SFR juga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA dan NIM, namun berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ROE, mengindikasikan peningkatan proporsi sustainable financing belum meningkatkan pengembalian ekuitas jangka pendek. Profitabilitas BUS lebih dipengaruhi faktor internal, yaitu BOPO dan EAR yang berpengaruh negatif terhadap ROA dan ROE, sedangkan LTA, NPF, FDR, dan GDP tidak signifikan. Temuan ini menunjukkan implementasi sustainable financing masih tahap awal, sehingga diperlukan penguatan strategi dan dukungan kebijakan agar manfaat finansialnya optimal.

Climate change and the growing demand for sustainable finance drove Sharia Commercial Banks (BUS) to implement sustainable financing, although its impact on profitability remained inconsistent. This study analyzed the effect of sustainable financing (LSF) and the sustainable financing ratio (SFR) on the profitability of BUS, as measured by ROA, ROE, and NIM, with LTA, BOPO, NPF, EAR, FDR, and GDP as control variables, using panel data from 10 BUS over the 2021–2024 period through panel data regression. The results showed that LSF had no significant effect on ROA, ROE, or NIM. SFR likewise had no significant effect on ROA or NIM, but exerted a significant negative effect on ROE, indicating that an increasing proportion of sustainable financing had not yet improved short-term returns on equity. BUS profitability was more strongly driven by internal factors, namely BOPO and EAR, both of which had significant negative effects on ROA and ROE, while LTA, NPF, FDR, and GDP showed no significant effect. These findings suggested that the implementation of sustainable financing was still at an early stage, requiring stronger strategies and policy support to optimize its financial benefits.