Kelayakan Usaha Madu Berbasis Eduwisata melalui Budi Daya Lebah Bersengat dan Tanpa Sengat

Abstract

Peningkatan kebutuhan madu nasional belum diimbangi produksi domestik sehingga 76,59% pasokan masih bergantung pada impor. Keterbatasan pasokan ini, didukung tingginya kunjungan wisata di Kabupaten Bogor, membuka peluang usaha madu berbasis eduwisata menggunakan lebah bersengat (Apis mellifera) dan tanpa sengat (Heterotrigona itama). Namun, rendahnya kapasitas produksi lebah tanpa sengat serta risiko cuaca ekstrem dan fluktuasi biaya operasional menimbulkan ketidakpastian usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelayakan nonfinansial dan finansial usaha, serta membandingkan sensitivitas skenario tanpa versus dengan tambahan pelatihan dan homestay menggunakan analisis switching value. Kelayakan diuji melalui aspek nonfinansial dan finansial (NPV, IRR, Net B/C, PP). Hasil analisis nonfinansial menunjukkan usaha layak dijalankan, meski aspek teknis perlu ditingkatkan. Secara finansial, kedua skenario dinyatakan layak. Skenario dengan pelatihan dan homestay menghasilkan kinerja finansial lebih optimal dan tangguh terhadap penurunan produksi (52,76%) serta penurunan peserta (70,73%) namun sedikit lebih sensitif terhadap kenaikan upah tenaga kerja (53,29%).

Despite rising national demand for honey, insufficient domestic production has forced a 76.59% reliance on imports. This supply shortage, coupled with high tourist arrivals in Bogor Regency, creates a business opportunity for apitourism utilizing stinging bees (Apis mellifera) and stingless bees (Heterotrigona itama). However, the low production capacity of stingless bees, risks of extreme weather, and fluctuations in operational costs introduce business uncertainty. This study aims to analyze the non-financial and financial feasibility of the business, as well as to compare the sensitivity of a baseline scenario versus an enhanced scenario incorporating training packages and homestays using switching value analysis. Feasibility was evaluated through non-financial aspects and financial indicators, including NPV, IRR, Net B/C, and PP. The non-financial analysis indicates that the business is feasible, although technical aspects require improvement. Financially, both scenarios are declared feasible. The scenario with training and homestays generates more optimal financial performance and resilience against production declines (52,76%) and reductions in participant numbers (70,73%), though it remains slightly more sensitive to labor wage increases (53,29%).