Potensi Limbah Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Imunostimulan Pencegahan Infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila pada Ikan Lele (Clarias sp.)

Abstract

Ikan lele (Clarias sp.) merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya air tawar yang paling banyak diminati di Indonesia, namun keberhasilan budidayanya kerap terganggu oleh serangan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila yang dapat menyebabkan kematian massal hingga 80–100%. Pemberian imunostimulan alami melalui pakan menjadi salah satu pendekatan yang aman dan berkelanjutan untuk memperkuat daya tahan tubuh ikan. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah perkebunan yang melimpah dan mengandung senyawa bioaktif flavonoid, steroid, serta triterpenoid yang berpotensi merangsang sistem imun. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Ekstrak TKKS diberikan melalui coating pakan pada dosis 1, 3, dan 5 g/100 g pakan selama 30 hari, dilanjutkan uji tantang dengan A. hydrophila selama 14 hari. Dosis 3 g/100 g pakan menghasilkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi sebesar 83,33%, disertai peningkatan aktivitas fagositik, respiratory burst, dan profil hematologi dibandingkan kontrol positif. Ekstrak TKKS dosis 3 g/100 g pakan terbukti efektif sebagai imunostimulan alami untuk meningkatkan ketahanan ikan lele terhadap infeksi A. hydrophila.

Catfish (Clarias sp.) is one of the most widely cultivated freshwater fish in Indonesia, yet its production is frequently threatened by Aeromonas hydrophila infection, which can cause mass mortality of up to 80–100%. Incorporating natural immunostimulants into feed has been considered a safe and sustainable approach to strengthen fish immunity. Empty oil palm fruit bunch (EOPFB) is an abundantly available plantation waste containing bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids that may stimulate immune responses. This study was conducted using a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. EOPFB extract was applied through feed coating at doses of 1, 3, and 5 g/100 g feed for 30 days, followed by a 14-day bacterial challenge with A. hydrophila. The 3 g/100 g dose produced the highest survival rate of 83.33%, along with greater phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, and hematological profiles compared to the positive control. EOPFB extract at 3 g/100 g feed was effective as a natural immunostimulant to improve catfish resistance A. hydrophila infection.