Efektivitas Suplementasi Nano Zinc dalam Pakan terhadap Vili dan Bakteri Usus Ayam Broiler

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi nano zinc dalam pakan terhadap morfologi vili usus dan bakteri usus ayam broiler. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (50 ppm nano zinc), P2 (75 ppm nano zinc), dan P3 (100 ppm nano zinc). Sebanyak 200 ekor ayam broiler dipelihara selama 35 hari. Peubah yang diamati meliputi tinggi vili, kedalaman kripta, luas permukaan vili, rasio tinggi vili dengan kedalaman kripta, serta jumlah Salmonella, Escherichia coli, dan bakteri asam laktat (BAL). Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi nano zinc bepengaruh nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan tinggi vili, luas permukaan vili, rasio V:K, dan populasi BAL, serta menurunkan kedalaman kripta dan populasi Salmonella, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap populasi E.coli. Perlakuan P3 (100 ppm) menghasilkan respons morfologi usus dan jumlah BAL tertinggi, serta efektif menekan Salmonella. Disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi nano zinc dosis 100 ppm direkomendasikan sebagai dosis terbaik untuk mengoptimalkan struktur vili usus dan memperbaiki keseimbangan mikrobiota pencernaan ayam broiler.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nano zinc supplementation in feed on intestinal villi morphology and gut bacteria in broiler chickens. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications: P0 (control), P1 (50 ppm nano zinc), P2 (75 ppm nano zinc), and P3 (100 ppm nano zinc). A total of 200 broiler chickens were reared for 35 days. The observed parameters included villus height, crypt depth, villus surface area, villus height to crypt depth ratio, and the populations of Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that nano zinc supplementation significantly (P<0,05) increased villus height, villus surface area, villus height to crypt depth ratio, and LAB populations, as well as decreased crypt depth and Salmonella populations, but had no significant effect (P>0,05) on E. coli populations. The P3 treatment (100 ppm) yielded the highest intestinal morphology response and LAB counts, and effectively suppressed Salmonella. It was concluded that nano zinc supplementation at a dose of 100 ppm is recommended as the best dose to optimize the structure of intestinal villi and improve the gastrointestinal microbiota balance in broiler chickens.