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      Analisis Pengaruh Islamic Human Development Index, Zakat, dan Faktor Makroekonomi terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Indonesia

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      LESMANA, ADELIANISA PRASASTI
      Arsyianti, Laily Dwi
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      Abstract
      Ketimpangan pendapatan merupakan permasalahan struktural yang memerlukan pendekatan multidimensional, mencakup pembangunan manusia, instrumen distribusi berbasis syariah, serta dinamika makroekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh Islamic Human Development Index (IHDI), zakat, inflasi, Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) dan PDRB per kapita terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di 34 provinsi Indonesia tahun 2019-2024. IHDI dihitung menggunakan metode principal component analysis, kemudian seluruh variabel dianalisis menggunakan regresi data panel dengan estimasi fixed effect model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IHDI dan inflasi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan, sementara zakat dan PDRB per kapita berpengaruh negatif signifikan pada taraf 10%. Sebaliknya, PMA tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Secara simultan, seluruh variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Implikasi kebijakan yang dapat ditempuh meliputi peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, optimalisasi penyaluran dana zakat, pengendalian inflasi pada tingkat moderat, serta dorongan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang inklusif di seluruh wilayah Indonesia.
       
      Income inequality is a structural issue requiring a multidimensional approach, encompassing human development, Islamic-based distribution instruments, and macroeconomic dynamics. This study analyzed the effect of the Islamic Human Development Index (IHDI), zakat, inflation, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and GDP per capita on income inequality across 34 Indonesian provinces from 2019 to 2024. IHDI was constructed through principal component analysis, and all variables were estimated through panel data regression with a fixed effect model. The results show that IHDI and inflation have a negative and significant effect on income inequality, while zakat and GDP per capita have a negative and significant effect at the 10% level. In contrast, FDI shows no significant effect. Simultaneously, all independent variables significantly influence income inequality in Indonesia. Policy implications include strengthening human resource quality, optimizing zakat distribution, maintaining moderate inflation, and promoting inclusive economic growth across regions.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/174878
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      • UF - Syariah Economic [653]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository