DAYA SAING DAN IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN KOMODITAS KEDELAI DI KABUPATEN CIANJUR PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

Abstract

Kedelai merupakan komoditas strategis Indonesia dengan ketergantungan impor mencapai 92,16 persen pada 2024. Penelitian ini menganalisis keunggulan kompetitif dan komparatif usahatani kedelai serta implikasi kebijakannya, dilakukan pada 2025 di Kecamatan Agrabinta, Leles, dan Sindangbarang, Kabupaten Cianjur sentra kedelai terbesar di Jawa Barat dengan 204 petani sampel melalui purposive sampling dan analisis Policy Analysis Matrix. Hasil menunjukkan usahatani kedelai memiliki keunggulan kompetitif Private Cost Ratio 0,324 dan komparatif Domestic Resource Cost Ratio 0,403, serta menguntungkan secara privat Rp7.748.058/ha maupun sosial Rp5.491.024/ha. Nilai NPCO sebesar 0,993 mencerminkan proteksi output yang minimal, sedangkan NPCI sebesar 0,421 menunjukkan subsidi input tradable yang besar. Effective Protection Coefficient sebesar 1,245 dan Profitability Coefficient sebesar 1,411 mengindikasikan kebijakan pemerintah bersifat pro-petani. Keberlanjutan usahatani sangat bergantung pada subsidi pupuk sebagai instrumen kebijakan paling dominan

Soybean is a strategic food commodity in Indonesia, with import dependency reaching 92.16 percent in 2024. This study analyzes the competitive and comparative advantage of soybean farming as well as its policy implications, conducted in 2025 in the Districts of Agrabinta, Leles, and Sindangbarang, Cianjur Regency, the largest soybean production center in West Java, involving 204 sampled farmers selected through purposive sampling and analyzed using the Policy Analysis Matrix. The results show that soybean farming possesses both competitive advantage Private Cost Ratio 0.324 and comparative advantage Domestic Resource Cost Ratio 0.403, and is profitable at both the private level IDR 7,748,058/ha and the social level Rp5,491,024/ha. The NPCO of 0.993 reflects minimal output protection, while the NPCI of 0.421 indicates substantial protection on tradable inputs. The Effective Protection Coefficient of 1.245 and Profitability Coefficient of 1.411 indicate that government policy is pro-farmer. The sustainability of soybean farming remains highly dependent on fertilizer subsidies as the most dominant policy instrument.