Dampak Islamic Human Development Index dan Sektor Keuangan Syariah Terhadap Kemiskinan Di Wilayah Sumatera

Abstract

Kemiskinan di wilayah Sumatera masih menunjukkan disparitas antarprovinsi yang signifikan meskipun I-HDI dan Sektor Keuangan Syariah terus berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak I-HDI dan Sektor Keuangan Syariah terhadap kemiskinan di sepuluh provinsi wilayah Sumatera periode 2019–2024 menggunakan regresi data panel dengan Random Effect Model (REM). Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa I-HDI dan pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan, sedangkan pembiayaan perbankan syariah dan penyaluran zakat tidak signifikan meskipun bernilai negatif, serta tingkat pengangguran terbuka tidak signifikan namun bernilai positif. Ketidaksignifikanan Sektor Keuangan Syariah diduga akibat disparitas distribusi antarprovinsi yang lebar dan dominasi zakat konsumtif. Temuan ini mengimplikasikan perlunya penguatan pembangunan manusia berbasis maqashid syariah dan optimalisasi kelembagaan keuangan syariah sebagai strategi pengentasan kemiskinan di wilayah Sumatera.

Poverty in Sumatera continued to reflect considerable disparity across provinces, despite the ongoing development of the I-HDI and the Islamic financial sector. This study aimed to analyze the impact of I-HDI and the Islamic financial sector on poverty across ten provinces in Sumatra over the 2019–2024 period, employing a panel data regression approach through the Random Effect Model (REM). The estimation results indicated that I-HDI and economic growth had a negative and significant effect on poverty. Meanwhile, Islamic banking financing and zakat distribution showed a negative direction of influence but were statistically insignificant, while the open unemployment rate was positive yet equally insignificant. The insignificance of the two Islamic financial variables was attributed to the persistently wide distributional disparity across provinces and the dominance of consumptive zakat disbursement. These findings implied the importance of strengthening human development grounded in the maqashid syariah framework, alongside the optimization of Islamic financial institutions, as part of a more inclusive poverty alleviation strategy in the Sumatera region.