Kinerja Ekspor Kayu Manis Utuh di Pasar Internasional: Studi Komparatif Indonesia dan Vietnam

Abstract

SABRINA RAHMANIA ENDI. Kinerja Ekspor Kayu Manis Utuh di Pasar Internasional: Studi Komparatif Indonesia dan Vietnam. Dibimbing oleh NARNI FARMAYANTI.

Kayu manis merupakan komoditas rempah unggulan dengan Indonesia, China, dan Vietnam sebagai produsen utama dunia. Perubahan preferensi konsumen terhadap produk cassia yang asli dan aman telah memperketat persaingan global. Penelitian ini menganalisis perkembangan dan kinerja ekspor kayu manis utuh cassia Indonesia dan Vietnam di pasar internasional (Amerika Serikat, Australia, Jerman, dan India) periode 2015–2024 menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Indonesia mengalami penurunan pangsa pasar pasca-pandemi COVID-19 akibat anjloknya produksi domestik. Sebaliknya, Vietnam mencatat lonjakan pangsa pasar berkat peningkatan produksi yang masif. Analisis CMSA mengonfirmasi bahwa ekspor Indonesia yang mengalami penurunan di periode akhir ini disebabkan karena ketergantungan pada ukuran pasar, serta tertekan oleh lemahnya daya saing dan komposisi pasar. Sementara itu, Vietnam berhasil mendominasi pasar berkat tingginya daya saing dan efek residual. Kondisi ini menuntut intervensi terstruktur bagi Indonesia melalui pemanfaatan perjanjian dagang, kemudahan akses pembiayaan dan pelatihan, dan pembentukan koperasi produsen.

SABRINA RAHMANIA ENDI. The Performance of Whole Cinnamon Exports in the International Market: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Vietnam. Supervised by NARNI FARMAYANTI.

Cinnamon is a leading spice commodity, with Indonesia, China, and Vietnam as the world’s top producers. Shifting consumer preferences toward authentic and safe cassia products have intensified global competition. This study analyzes the development and export performance of whole cassia cinnamon from Indonesia and Vietnam in international markets (the United States, Australia, Germany, and India) for the period 2015–2024 using descriptive analysis and Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA). The results show that Indonesia experienced a decline in market share following the COVID-19 pandemic due to a sharp drop in domestic production. Conversely, Vietnam recorded a surge in market share thanks to a massive increase in production. The CMSA analysis confirms that Indonesia’s decline in exports during this recent period was caused by dependence on market size, as well as being constrained by weak competitiveness and market composition. Meanwhile, Vietnam has succeeded in dominating the market due to its high competitiveness and residual effects. These conditions call for structural intervention in Indonesia through the utilization of trade agreements, easier access to funding and training, and establishing producer cooperatives.