Studi Kelayakan Lokasi Budidaya Pembenihan Ikan Air Tawar di Desa Tegal, Kecamatan Kemang, Kabupaten Bogor

Abstract

Lokasi penelitian di Desa Tegal, Kecamatan Kemang, Kabupaten Bogor memiliki luas 5,6 hektare, luas lahan tersebut akan dijadikan untuk pembangunan kolam budidaya segmentasi pembenihan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kelayakan lokasi budidaya segmentasi pembenihan berdasarkan kualitas air dan tanah di Desa Tegal, Kecamatan Kemang, Kabupaten Bogor. Pengambilan serta pengukuran sampel air dilakukan secara langsung (in situ) dan juga tidak langsung (ex situ) pada titik pengambilan sampel air sejumlah tujuh titik. Selain itu dilakukan juga pengambilan serta pengukuran sampel tanah, pemetaan menggunakan GPS. Analisis data kelas kesesuaian lahan dengan metode skoring dilakukan pada hasil kualitas air dan kualitas tanah. Analisis kualitas air dan kesesuaiannya dilakukan pada ikan nila, mujair, mas, lele, dan patin. Analisis kesesuaian menunjukkan bahwa perairan Desa Tegal paling mendukung pembenihan ikan lele dengan dua lokasi mencapai kelas S1 (IK 87,8–90,0%). Ikan patin umumnya kelas S2 (IK 75,6–84,4%), diikuti dengan ikan nila S3 pada empat lokasi (IK 71,1–74,4%), dan S2 pada 2 lokasi (IK 76,7–83,3%). Ikan mas memiliki kesesuaian terendah, hampir seluruh lokasi kelas S3 (IK 68,8–73,3%). Perbedaan ini terutama dipengaruhi oleh kebutuhan oksigen terlarut, pH, dan TAN. Lokasi kelas S3 memerlukan perbaikan kualitas air melalui aerasi serta treatment khusus agar kesesuaiannya meningkat. Hasil kelas kesesuaian tanah termasuk ke dalam kategori S2 (Cukup Sesuai) untuk T1 dan T2, serta kategori S3 (Sedikit Sesuai) untuk T3 dan T4. Berdasarkan kualitas tanah ini disarankan dilakukan pembuatan kolam beton, kolam HDPE, ataupun kolam terpal untuk pembangunan lokasi pembenihan/hatchery.

The research site located in Desa Tegal, Kecamatan Kemang, Kabupaten Bogor, covers an area of 5.6 hectares designated for the development of hatchery-segment aquaculture ponds. This study aimed to analyze the site suitability for hatchery-segment aquaculture based on water and soil quality in Desa Tegal, Kecamatan Kemang, Kabupaten Bogor. Water sampling and measurement were conducted both in situ and ex situ at seven sampling points. Soil sampling and measurement, as well as GPS-based mapping, were also carried out. Land suitability class analysis using a scoring method was applied to the water and soil quality data. Water quality analysis and suitability assessment were performed for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Mozambique tilapia (O. mossambicus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), catfish (Clarias sp.), and pangasius (Pangasius sp.). Suitability analysis revealed that the waters of Desa Tegal are most suitable for catfish hatchery operations, with two locations achieving S1 class (Suitability Index, SI: 87.8–90.0%). Pangasius generally fell into S2 class (SI: 75.6–84.4%), followed by Nile tilapia with S3 class at four locations (SI: 71.1–74.4%) and S2 class at two locations (SI: 76.7–83.3%). Common carp exhibited the lowest suitability, with nearly all locations classified as S3 (SI: 68.8–73.3%). These differences were primarily attributed to variations in dissolved oxygen requirements, pH, and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). Locations classified as S3 require water quality improvement through aeration and specific treatments to enhance suitability. Soil suitability results indicated S2 class (Moderately Suitable) for T1 and T2, and S3 class (Marginally Suitable) for T3 and T4. Based on these soil quality findings, the construction of concrete ponds, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) ponds, or tarpaulin ponds is recommended for hatchery facility development at this site.