Evaluasi Pemberian Tepung Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) dalam Ransum terhadap Karkas, Non Karkas, dan Rasio Daging-Tulang Ayam Broiler

Abstract

Penggunaan antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) pada ayam broiler telah dilarang sehingga diperlukan bahan aditif alternatif seperti fitobiotik. Daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi meningkatkan kualitas karkas ayam broiler. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas pemberian tepung daun gedi (TDG) dalam ransum terhadap karkas, non karkas, dan rasio daging-tulang ayam broiler. Percobaan menggunakan 200 ekor ayam broiler strain Cobb dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas P0 = 0% TDG dalam ransum (kontrol), P1 = 1,5% TDG, P2 = 3% TDG, dan P3 = 4,5% TDG. Peubah yang diamati meliputi persentase karkas, persentase potongan komersial, persentase non karkas, serta rasio daging-tulang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian TDG 4,5% berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) menurunkan persentase dada, paha atas, serta rasio daging-tulang dada, paha atas, dan paha bawah, serta berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan persentase kepala dan leher. Namun, pemberian TDG tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap persentase karkas, paha bawah, sayap, punggung, dan kaki. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian TDG pada taraf 1,5% memberikan hasil terbaik karena mampu meningkatkan persentase dada, paha atas, dan rasio daging-tulang tanpa menurunkan kualitas karkas ayam broiler.

The prohibition of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in broiler production has increased the need for alternative feed additives such as phytobiotics. Gedi leaf (Abelmoschus manihot L.) contains various bioactive compounds that may improve carcass quality in broiler chickens. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of gedi leaf meal (GLM) supplementation in diets on carcass, non-carcass, and meat-to-bone ratio of broiler chickens. A total of 200 Cobb broiler chickens were used in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and five replications. The treatments were P0 = 0% GLM in the diet (control), P1 = 1.5% GLM, P2 = 3% GLM, and P3 = 4.5% GLM. The observed variables included carcass percentage, commercial carcass cuts, non-carcass percentage, and meat-to-bone ratio. The results showed that 4.5% GLM significantly (P<0.01) reduced percentages of breast and upper thigh as well as the meat-to-bone ratio of breast, upper thigh, and lower thigh, while significantly (P<0.05) increasing the percentage of head and neck. However, GLM supplementation had no significant effect (P>0.05) on carcass percentage, lower thigh, wings, back, and feet. The study concluded that supplementation of 1.5% GLM provided the best response by improving breast percentage, upper thigh percentage, and meat-to-bone ratio without reducing carcass quality in broiler chickens.