Suplementasi Acinetobacter radioresistens LAZ02 untuk Peningkatan Imunitas Ikan Lele Melawan Infeksi Motile Aeromonads Septicemia (MAS)

Abstract

Budidaya ikan lele rentan terhadap serangan Motile Aeromonads Septicemia (MAS) akibat infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Probiotik dan paraprobiotik kini dikembangkan sebagai imunostimulan alternatif ramah lingkungan pengganti antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan bentuk suplemen terbaik antara probiotik dan paraprobiotik Acinetobacter radioresistens LAZ02 untuk menanggulangi penyakit MAS pada ikan lele. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri atas perlakuan kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, probiotik (A. radioresistens LAZ02 109 CFU mL-1 + uji tantang) dan paraprobiotik (A. radioresistens LAZ02 109 CFU mL-1 + uji tantang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi paraprobiotik memberikan capaian yang paling optimal. Paraprobiotik meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan kinerja pertumbuhan lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuaan lainnya. Temuan krusial lainnya menunjukkan bahwa paraprobiotik secara nyata meningkatkan profil hematologi (eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, leukosit) serta memacu aktivitas fagositik imun secara efisien tanpa memicu stres oksidatif berlebih, sehingga berhasil menekan munculnya lesi hemoragik. Implikasinya, paraprobiotik A. radioresistens LAZ02 terbukti secara faktual lebih stabil, konsisten, dan aman diaplikasikan dalam menunjang pertumbuhan sekaligus pertahanan tubuh ikan lele dibandingkan probiotik hidup.

Catfish aquaculture is susceptible to Motile Aeromonads Septicemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Probiotics and paraprobiotics are currently being developed as eco-friendly immunostimulant alternatives to antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the best supplement form between the probiotic and paraprobiotic Acinetobacter radioresistens LAZ02 for mitigating MAS in catfish. The research method utilized a Completely Randomized Design consisting of a positive control, a negative control, a probiotic treatment (A. radioresistens LAZ02 10? CFU mL?¹ + challenge test), and a paraprobiotic treatment (A. radioresistens LAZ02 10? CFU mL?¹ + challenge test). The results demonstrated that paraprobiotic supplementation yielded the most optimal outcomes. The paraprobiotic improved the survival rate and growth performance better than the other treatments. Other crucial findings indicated that the paraprobiotic significantly enhanced the hematological profile (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and leukocytes) and efficiently stimulated immune phagocytic activity without triggering excessive oxidative stress, thereby successfully suppressing the emergence of hemorrhagic lesions. Consequently, the paraprobiotic A. radioresistens LAZ02 proved to be factually more stable, consistent, and safer for application in supporting both the growth and immune defense of catfish compared to live probiotics.