Pemanfaatan Metabolit Penicillium sp. KTR58 untuk Meningkatkan Respons Imun dan Resistansi Udang Vaname terhadap Infeksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Abstract

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) akibat Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VpAHPND) mengancam budidaya udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan dosis optimum metabolit fungi Penicillium sp. KTR58 dalam meningkatkan respons imun nonspesifik dan resistansi udang vaname. Penelitian meliputi uji in vitro berupa pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dan uji in vivo pada udang melalui pemberian pakan mengandung metabolitdosis 10, 20, dan 30 mL kg?¹ selama 30 hari sebelum uji tantang VpAHPND. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metabolit Penicillium sp. KTR58 meningkatkan respons imun nonspesifik dan resistansi udang, ditandai nilai relative percent survival 52,63%–68,42%, penurunan kelimpahan patogen pada hepatopankreas, serta tingkat kerusakan histopatologis yang lebih ringan dibandingkan kontrol. Analisis regresi polinomial kuadratik menunjukkan bahwa 24,11 mL kg?¹ pakan merupakan dosis optimum metabolit Penicillium sp. KTR58 untuk meningkatkan respons imun nonspesifik dan resistansi udang vaname terhadap infeksi VpAHPND.

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VpAHPND) threatens whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture. This study aimed to determine the optimum dose of Penicillium sp. KTR58 fungal metabolites for enhancing immune responses and resistance of whiteleg shrimp against VpAHPND infection. The study consisted of in vitro antibacterial assays and in vivo using diets supplemented with fungal metabolites at 10, 20, and 30 mL kg?¹ feed for 30 days prior to the VpAHPND challenge test. The results showed that Penicillium sp. KTR58 metabolites enhanced the nonspecific immune response and resistance, as indicated by a relative percent survival 52.63%–68.42%, reduced pathogen abundance in the hepatopancreas, and less severe histopathological damage compared with the control. Quadratic polynomial regression analysis indicated that 24.11 mL kg?¹ of feed is the optimum dose of Penicillium sp. KTR58 metabolites for improving the nonspecific immune response and resistance of white shrimp against VpAHPND infection.