Evaluasi Suplementasi Nano Zinc terhadap Performa dan Hematologi Darah Ayam Broiler

Abstract

Ayam broiler di daerah tropis rentan terhadap stres lingkungan yang menurunkan performa, sehingga diperlukan suplementasi mineral dengan bioavailabilitas tinggi seperti nano zinc. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi nano zinc dalam ransum terhadap performa dan profil hematologi ayam broiler. Sebanyak 200 ekor day-old chick dipelihara selama 35 hari menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Pakan perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu P0 = ransum basal (kontrol), P1 = P0 + 50 ppm nano zinc, P2 = P0 + 75 ppm nano zinc, dan P3 = P0 + 100 ppm nano zinc. Parameter yang diamati meliputi performa ayam broiler (konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan (PBB), bobot badan akhir (BB), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortalitas, indeks performance, income over feed and chick cost) dan hematologi darah (eritrosit, leukosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, dan diferensiasi leukosit). Data dianalisis dengan analysis of variance dan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi P1 sangat nyata (P<0,01) meningkatkan PBB, BB, dan menurunkan FCR pada fase starter. Suplementasi P2 sangat nyata (P<0,01) menurunkan jumlah eritrosit dan nyata (P<0,05) menurunkan jumlah leukosit dibandingkan kontrol. Suplementasi P3 memberikan perbaikan ekonomi tertinggi. Disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi nano zinc hingga 100 ppm meningkatkan performa fase starter, efisiensi pakan, dan memperbaiki efisiensi ekonomi tanpa mengganggu kondisi fisiologis ayam broiler.

Broiler chickens reared in tropical regions are highly susceptible to environmental stress, which can adversely affect their performance. Therefore, mineral supplementation with high bioavailability, such as nano zinc, is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary nano zinc supplementation on the performance and hematological profile of broiler chickens. A total of 200 day-old chicks were reared for 35 days using a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and five replicates. The dietary treatments were: P0 = basal diet (control), P1 = P0 + 50 ppm nano zinc, P2 = P0 + 75 ppm nano zinc, and P3 = P0 + 100 ppm nano zinc. The observed parameters included broiler performance (feed intake, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, mortality, performance index, and income over feed and chick cost) and blood hematology (erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, and leukocyte differentiation). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that P1 supplementation significantly (P < 0.01) increased body weight gain and final body weight, and reduced feed conversion ratio during the starter phase. P2 supplementation significantly (P < 0.01) reduced erythrocyte count and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced leukocyte count compared with the control group. P3 supplementation resulted in the highest economic return. It was concluded that nano zinc supplementation up to 100 ppm improved starter-phase performance, feed efficiency, and economic efficiency without adversely affecting the physiological condition of broiler chickens.