| dc.description.abstract | KARINA RAHMADANI. Analisis Metode Proses Produksi Biopelet Berbahan
Limbah Tanaman Jagung dan Serbuk Kayu Sengon. Dibimbing oleh DYAH
WULANDANI dan LEOPOLD OSCAR NELWAN.
Kebutuhan energi yang terus meningkat mendorong pemanfaatan biomassa
sebagai sumber energi terbarukan melalui pengolahan limbah pertanian dan
kehutanan menjadi biopelet. Limbah tanaman jagung tersedia melimpah dengan
kadar air tinggi dan nilai kalor relatif rendah. Serbuk kayu sengon memiliki
karakteristik energi yang lebih baik sehingga berpotensi sebagai bahan campuran
untuk meningkatkan kualitas biopelet. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis metode
proses produksi melalui kombinasi kadar air campuran bahan, kecepatan putaran
die, dan komposisi bahan terhadap performa pelletizer serta mutu biopelet.
Metode penelitian diawali dengan pengujian pendahuluan untuk menentukan
kondisi operasi yang sesuai pada mesin pelet. Kadar air campuran bahan ditetapkan
pada kisaran 37,00–40,85% (wb), kecepatan putaran die diatur secara bertahap pada
rentang 25–50 Hz untuk setiap siklus pemasukan bahan, serta digunakan lima
kombinasi komposisi bahan (A1–A5) dengan massa total 1,5 kg setiap perlakuan.
Pengujian utama meliputi evaluasi performa pelletizer dan mutu biopelet
berdasarkan parameter fisik, proksimat, nilai kalor, termofisik, kapasitas produksi
dan konsumsi energi listrik spesifik. Analisis statistik menggunakan one-way
analysis of variance (ANOVA) satu arah dan uji lanjut Tukey untuk mengevaluasi
pengaruh metode proses terhadap kepadatan dan ketahanan biopelet.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode proses produksi memengaruhi
performa pelletizer dan karakteristik fisik biopelet. Kadar air campuran bahan
berperan dalam menjaga stabilitas aliran dan mengendalikan fluktuasi beban mesin.
Kecepatan putaran die memengaruhi tekanan pemadatan dan suhu gesek internal.
Komposisi bahan menentukan kemampuan ikat serta integritas struktur biopelet.
Analisis statistik parameter fisik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan P4 menghasilkan
performa pelletizer paling konsisten berdasarkan nilai kepadatan dan ketahanan
mekanik dengan kondisi kadar air 40,85%, kecepatan putaran die 45–35–30 Hz,
serta komposisi bahan A4 (70% limbah tanaman jagung : 30% serbuk kayu sengon).
Metode proses produksi terbaik ditentukan berdasarkan evaluasi terpadu
antara performa pelletizer dan mutu biopelet menggunakan metode pembobotan
enam parameter. Perlakuan P3 memperoleh nilai tertinggi sebesar 4,90 dengan
kondisi kadar air 39,86%, kecepatan putaran die 40–30–25 Hz atau 120–90–75 rpm,
dan komposisi A3 (50% limbah tanaman jagung : 50% serbuk kayu sengon). Hasil
uji parameter biopelet meliputi nilai kalor 16,7–17,8 MJ/kg, kepadatan 0,89–1,28
g/cm³, laju pembakaran 0,98–2,37 kg/jam, konsumsi energi listrik spesifik 1,98
4,39 kWh/kg, ketahanan 96,54–99,74%, serta kadar abu 0,20–0,30%. Penelitian ini
menyimpulkan bahwa pengaturan kadar air, kecepatan putaran die bertahap, dan
komposisi bahan yang tepat mampu meningkatkan performa pelletizer dan mutu
biopelet serta diperlukan penelitian lanjutan pada skala produksi dan analisis
ekonomi. | |
| dc.description.abstract | KARINA RAHMADANI. Analysis of Biopellet Production Process Methods
Using Corn Stover and Sengon Wood Sawdust. Supervised by DYAH
WULANDANI and LEOPOLD OSCAR NELWAN.
The continuously increasing demand for energy encourages the utilization of
biomass as a renewable energy source through the conversion of agricultural and
forestry residues into biopellets. Corn stover is abundantly available with high
moisture content and relatively low calorific value, while sengon wood sawdust has
better energy characteristics and potential as a blending material to improve
biopellet quality. This study aimed to analyze the production process method
through the combination of blended material moisture content, die rotational speed,
and material composition on pelletizer performance and biopellet quality.
The research method began with preliminary experiments to determine
suitable operating conditions for the pellet machine. The moisture content of the
blended material ranged from 37.00–40.8% on a wet basis, die rotational speed was
applied stepwise within the range of 25–50 Hz for each feeding cycle, and five
material composition combinations (A1–A5) were used with a total mass of 1.5 kg
per treatment. The main experiments included evaluation of pelletizer performance
and biopellet quality based on physical, proximate, calorific value, production
capacity, and specific electrical energy consumption parameters. Statistical analysis
was conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s
test to evaluate the effects of process methods on biopellet density and durability.
The results showed that the production process method influenced pelletizer
performance and the physical characteristics of biopellets. Moisture content
contributed to flow stability and control of machine load fluctuations. Die rotational
speed affected compaction pressure and internal friction temperature. Material
composition determined bonding ability and structural integrity of the biopellets.
Statistical analysis of physical parameters indicated that treatment P4 produced the
most consistent pelletizer performance based on density and mechanical durability,
with process conditions of 40.85% moisture content, die rotational speed of 45–35
30 Hz, and composition A4 (70% corn stover : 30% sengon wood sawdust).
The optimal production process method was determined through an integrated
evaluation of pelletizer performance and biopellet quality using a weighted scoring
method based on six parameters. Treatment P3 achieved the highest score of 4.90,
with process conditions of 39.86% moisture content, die rotational speed of 40–30
25 Hz or 120–90–75 rpm, and composition A3 (50% corn stover : 50% sengon
wood sawdust). The resulting biopellet parameters included calorific value of 16.7
17.8 MJ kg?¹, density of 0.89–1.28 g cm?³, combustion rate of 0.98–2.37 kg h?¹,
specific electrical energy consumption of 1.98–4.39 kWh kg?¹, durability of 96.54
99.74%, and ash content of 0.20–0.30%. This study concludes that appropriate
control of moisture content, stepwise die rotational speed, and material composition
improves pelletizer performance and biopellet quality, and further studies at the
production scale and economic analysis are required. | |
