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      Identifikasi keragaman Gen DQA dan Asosiasinya dengan Sifat Pertumbuhan dan Reproduksi padda Domba

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Wahyuni, Raziah Sri
      Gunawan, Asep
      Jakaria
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      Abstract
      Gen DQA merupakan bagian dari Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II yang berperan dalam sistem imun dan dilaporkan berkaitan dengan sifat pertumbuhan dan reproduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis polimorfisme gen DQA dan hubungannya dengan sifat pertumbuhan dan reproduksi pada domba. Sebanyak 500 domba digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi polimorfisme gen DQA yang terdiri dari 300 anak domba hasil persilangan Garut × Garut (GG), Dorper × Garut (DG), Batur × Garut (BG), dan Suffolk × Garut (SG) untuk sifat pertumbuhan dan 200 domba betina Garut untuk sifat reproduksi. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran karakteristik data sifat produksi dan reproduksi pada populasi domba. Identifikasi polimorfisme gen DQA (g.255889636 C>G ) dilakukan menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) dengan enzim restriksi Eco53k1. Analisis asosiasi gen DQA dengan sifat pertumbuhan dan reproduksi menggunakan General Linear Model (GLM). Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata bobot lahir dan bobot sapih domba Indonesia masing masing sebesar 2,6±0,04 kg dan 13,06 ± 0,21 kg. Persilangan GG menunjukkan performa pertumbuhan tertinggi baik pada bobot lahir maupun bobot sapih dibandingkan DG, BG, dan SG. Rata-rata litter size adalah 1,87 ± 0,06 ekor, menunjukkan tingkat kelahiran kembar yang tinggi pada populasi yang diamati. Mortalitas anak domba tercatat sebesar 31,5 ± 2,9 %, sedangkan pregnancy rate mencapai 87 ± 1,58 %, mencerminkan efisiensi reproduksi yang relatif baik pada populasi domba yang diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gen DQA bersifat polimorfik yang ditandai dengan adanya tiga macam genotipe yaitu genotipe CC (n = 328 ; 66 %), genotipe CG (n = 120 ; 24 %), dan genotipe GG (n = 52 ; 10 %). Keragaman genotipe gen DQA tidak berada dalam kesetimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa gen DQA (g.255889636 C>G) secara nyata berasosiasi (P<0,05) terhadap bobot lahir (P<0,05), dimana domba dengan genotipe CG memiliki bobot badan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan genotipe CC dan GG untuk sifat pertumbuhan. Tetapi tidak ditemukan efek signifikan terhadap bobot sapih, pregnancy rate, litter size, dan mortalitas (P>0,05) pada populasi domba yang diamati. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan baru mengenai peran gen DQA dalam sifat-sifat pertumbuhan, khususnya berat lahir, serta potensinya sebagai penanda genetik untuk seleksi domba yang tumbuh cepat.
       
      The DQA gene is part of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II and plays a role in the immune system and it has been reported to be associated with growth and reproductive traits. This study aims to analyze DQA gene polymorphisms and their association with growth and reproductive traits in sheep. A total of 500 sheep were used to identify DQA gene polymorphisms, comprising 300 lambs from Garut×Garut (GG), Dorper×Garut (DG), Batur×Garut (BG), and Suffolk×Garut (SG) crosses for growth traits and 200 Garut ewes for reproductive traits. Descriptive analysis was conducted to provide an overview of the characteristics of production and reproductive trait data in the sheep population. Identification of DQA gene polymorphisms (g.255889636 C>G) was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with the Eco53k1 restriction enzyme. Analysis of the association between the DQA gene and growth and reproductive traits used the General Linear Model (GLM). The results of the descriptive analysis show that the average birth weight and weaning weight of Indonesian sheep were 2.6 ± 0.04 kg and 13.06 ± 0.21 kg, respectively. The GG crossbreed exhibited the highest growth performance in terms of both birth weight and weaning weight compared to the DG, BG, and SG crossbreeds. The average litter size was 1.87 ± 0.06 lambs, indicating a high rate of twin births in this population. The lamb mortality rate was recorded at 31.5±2.9%, while the pregnancy rate reached 87±1.58%, reflecting relatively good reproductive efficiency in the observed sheep population. The results of the study indicate that the DQA gene is polymorphic, characterized by the presence of three genotypes: the CC genotype (n=328; 66%), the CG genotype (n=120; 24%), and the GG genotype (n=52; 10%). The genotype diversity of the DQA gene is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Analysis results indicate that the DQA gene (g.255889636 C>G) is significantly associated (P<0.05) with birth weight (P<0.05), where sheep with the CG genotype have higher body weight compared to the CC and GG genotypes regarding growth traits. However, no significant effects were found on weaning weight, pregnancy rate, litter size, and mortality (P > 0.05) in the observed sheep population. This study provides new insights into the role of the DQA gene in growth traits, particularly birth weight, as well as its potential as a genetic marker for the selection of fast-growing sheep.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173230
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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