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      Pengaruh Service Recovery terhadap Word of Mouth BPJS Ketenagakerjaan melalui Perceived Justice dan Complaint Handling Satisfaction

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Fahrizal, Doni
      Sumarwan, Ujang
      Yuliati, Lilik Noor
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      Abstract
      Perkembangan layanan digital mendorong peserta BPJS Ketenagakerjaan untuk memanfaatkan media sosial, khususnya Instagram, sebagai ruang penyampaian keluhan. Banyaknya keluhan yang muncul menandakan adanya kesenjangan antara tingkat kepuasan layanan secara umum dan pengalaman yang dialami peserta pada proses penanganan keluhan. Kondisi ini menempatkan service recovery performance (SRP) sebagai aspek penting dalam membangun persepsi keadilan (perceived justice/PJ), kepuasan penanganan keluhan (complaint handling satisfaction/CHS), serta kecenderungan peserta untuk menyampaikan word of mouth (WOM) positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh SRP terhadap WOM dengan memasukkan PJ dan CHS sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksplanatori dan melibatkan peserta yang pernah menyampaikan keluhan pada kolom komentar Instagram resmi BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner berskala Likert dan dianalisis menggunakan structural equation modeling berbasis partial least squares. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SRP memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap PJ, CHS, dan WOM. SRP memberikan efek paling kuat terhadap PJ, yang menunjukkan bahwa respons cepat, penjelasan jelas, serta interaksi empatik meningkatkan persepsi keadilan peserta. SRP juga meningkatkan CHS. CHS juga berpengaruh langsung terhadap WOM meskipun dengan hubungan lemah. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kepuasan kognitif peserta belum cukup kuat mendorong mereka untuk merekomendasikan layanan. Analisis mediasi memperlihatkan bahwa PJ secara signifikan memediasi hubungan SRP terhadap WOM, sedangkan CHS tidak menjadi mediator langsung. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa aspek keadilan emosional lebih menentukan dalam membentuk WOM positif dibandingkan kepuasan terhadap penanganan keluhan itu sendiri. Dengan demikian, keadilan diposisikan sebagai faktor psikologis kunci yang memengaruhi perilaku komunikasi peserta. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bahwa BPJS Ketenagakerjaan perlu memperkuat kualitas penanganan keluhan di kanal digital melalui peningkatan kecepatan respons, kejelasan informasi, empati dalam komunikasi, dan konsistensi prosedur. Upaya tersebut sangat penting untuk membangun persepsi keadilan, meningkatkan kepercayaan peserta, dan mendorong penyebaran WOM positif di ruang digital.
       
      The development of digital services has encouraged BPJS Ketenagakerjaan participants to utilize social media particularly Instagramas a platform for expressing complaints. The increasing number of complaints indicates a gap between the general level of service satisfaction and the actual experience of participants during the complaint-handling process. This situation positions service recovery performance (SRP) as a crucial aspect in shaping perceived justice (PJ), complaint handling satisfaction (CHS), and participants’ tendency to generate positive word of mouth (WOM). This study aims to analyze the influence of SRP on WOM by incorporating PJ and CHS as mediating variables. The research employs an explanatory quantitative approach, involving participants who had previously submitted complaints through the comment section of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan’s official Instagram account. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares. The results show that SRP has a significant effect on PJ, CHS, and WOM. The strongest effect occurs in the relationship between SRP and PJ, indicating that fast responses, clear explanations, and empathetic interactions enhance participants’ perceived justice. SRP also increases CHS. CHS further shows a direct—although weak—effect on WOM, suggesting that cognitive satisfaction alone is not strong enough to drive participants to recommend the service. The mediation analysis reveals that PJ significantly mediates the relationship between SRP and WOM, while CHS does not serve as a direct mediator. These findings emphasize that emotional and procedural fairness plays a more decisive role in generating positive WOM than satisfaction with the complaint-handling process itself. Thus, perceived justice emerges as a key psychological factor influencing participants’ communication behavior. This study provides important implications for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, highlighting the need to strengthen digital complaint-handling performance by improving response speed, clarity of information, empathetic communication, and procedural consistency. These efforts are essential to building perceived justice, enhancing participant trust, and fostering positive WOM in digital environments.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173222
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      • MT - Business [4124]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
      All rights reserved
      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
      IPB University Scientific Repository
      UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Institutional Repository
      Universitas Jember Digital Repository