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      Karakteristik Morfologi dan Produksi Nutrien Enam Varietas Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) sebagai Hijauan Pakan di Wilayah Tropis

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Fauzan, Abdul Zumar
      Abdullah, Luki
      Soewondo, Panca Dewi Manu Hara Karti
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      Abstract
      Rendahnya produktivitas dan kualitas hijauan pakan menjadi kendala utama dalam sektor peternakan, terutama pada daerah tropis yang memiliki karakteristik agroklimat yang beragam. Hijauan potensial dalam menjaga produktivitas ternak ruminansia secara berkelanjutan yaitu Pennisetum purpereum atau dikenal dengan ‘Rumput Gajah’. Rumput gajah memiliki tantangan karena struktur rumpunnya kompleks, jumlah anakan yang banyak, dan terus bertambah. Hal ini berbeda dengan tanaman seperti jagung atau sorgum yang secara anakan lebih sederhana dan mudah diatur oleh mesin. Penelitian varietas rumput gajah yang berbeda perlu diarahkan untuk menemukan varietas mana yang paling efisien secara keseluruhan yaitu; biomassa tinggi, produksi nutrien tinggi, mudah dikelola, dan mendukung mekanisasi pemanfaatan batang untuk bioenergi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan membandingkan karakteristik morfologi serta kualitas enam varietas rumput gajah sebagai hijauan pakan di wilayah tropis, dan dasar informasi pengembangan rumput rumput gajah unggul di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan parameter meliputi variabel morfologi, produktivitas, produksi biomassa, kualitas nutrien, dan produksi nutrien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Pakchong-2 memiliki perbedaan signifikan (P<0.05) pada panjang tanaman, diameter batang, panjang daun, lebar daun, produksi biomassa, dan produksi nutrien. Pakchong-1 memiliki jumlah helai daun yang lebih banyak, Gama Umami memili warna daun lebih hijau dan jumlah anakan yang lebih banyak dan Biograss memiliki panjang batang yang lebih tinggi. Dari segi produksi nutrien, varietas Pakchong-2 memiliki perbedaan nyata (p<0,05) dari varietas lain. Simpulan bahwa varietas Pakchong-2 potensial dikembangkan sebagai hijauan pakan unggul berbasis biomassa dan produksi nutrien tinggi pada kondisi media tanam terbatas. Kata Kunci: Hijauan, Morfologi, Pakchong, Pennisetum purpureum, Produksi
       
      Low productivity and poor forage quality are major challenges in the livestock sector, particularly in tropical regions with diverse agroclimatic conditions. A promising forage for sustaining the productivity of ruminant livestock is Pennisetum purpureum, commonly known as “elephant grass.” Elephant grass poses challenges due to its complex clump structure, numerous tillers, and continuous growth. This differs from crops like corn or sorghum, which have simpler tillering patterns and are easier to manage with machinery. Research on different Elephant Grass varieties should focus on identifying which variety is most efficient overall—that is, high in biomass, high in nutrient production, easy to manage, and supportive of mechanized utilization of the stems for bioenergy. This study aims to analyze and compare the morphological characteristics and quality of six elephant grass varieties as forage in tropical regions, and to provide a basis for the development of superior elephant grass varieties in Indonesia. The study employed a completely randomized design with parameters including morphological variables, productivity, biomass production, nutrient quality, and nutrient yield. The results showed that the Pakchong-2 variety exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) in plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, biomass production, and nutrient production. Pakchong-1 had a higher number of leaves, Gama Umami had greener leaves and a higher number of tillers, and Biograss had a taller stem. In terms of nutrient production, the Pakchong-2 variety showed a significant difference (p<0.05) compared to the other varieties. It is concluded that the Pakchong-2 variety has potential for development as a superior forage crop based on high biomass and nutrient production under limited growing media conditions. Keywords: Forage, Morphology, Pakchong, Pennisetum purpureum, Production
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173215
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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