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      Integrasi Information Adoption Model dan Theory of Planned Behavior dalam Memprediksi Niat Mendaftar BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Segmen Bukan Penerima Upah (BPU)

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      MAHARANI, DEWI
      Sumarwan, Ujang
      Hannan, Sufrin
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      Abstract
      Program Bukan Penerima Upah (BPU) BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, yang secara umum mencakup pekerja di sektor informal, memiliki beberapa tujuan utama dalam konteks perlindungan tenaga kerja. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan memberikan perlindungan sosial kepada pekerja di sektor informal agar mereka dapat mendapatkan manfaat seperti jaminan kecelakaan kerja, jaminan kematian dan jaminan hari tua. Cakupan layanan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan kini telah menjangkau seluruh wilayah Indonesia, terbentang dari Sabang hingga Merauke, mencakup 34 provinsi secara menyeluruh. Salah satu provinsi yang menarik untuk dicermati adalah Kalimantan Tengah. Secara angka, tren peningkatan realisasi dibandingkan potensi peserta di provinsi ini menunjukkan perkembangan positif dari tahun ke tahun. Dari 8,42% pada tahun 2021, meningkat menjadi 28,05% di tahun 2024. Meskipun angka tersebut belum tergolong tinggi dibandingkan beberapa provinsi lain, tetapi lonjakan signifikan yang terjadi dalam kurun waktu empat tahun menunjukkan adanya dinamika sosial dan ekonomi yang mulai terbentuk, serta kerja keras dari unit-unit layanan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan di daerah. Sampit sebagai kota terbesar di Kalimantan Tengah, merupakan pusat ekonomi yang tumbuh dengan cepat, terutama karena aktivitas sektor kelapa sawit yang menjadi tulang punggung ekonomi lokal. Banyak perusahaan, koperasi, dan juga pekerja informal yang menggantungkan hidup dari sektor ini, menjadikan Sampit sebagai wilayah dengan potensi besar untuk perluasan kepesertaan jaminan sosial ketenagakerjaan. Meskipun begitu, jumlah kepesertaan BPU di BPJS Ketenagakerjaan cabang Sampit belum pernah mencapai target yang ditetapkan perusahaan dimana pada Tahun 2024 realisasi peserta BPU baru mencapai 20.052 dibandingkan dengan target yang dicanangkan sebesar 45.679. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis niat mendaftar sebagai peserta BPU di BPJS Ketenagakerjaan menggunakan integrasi information adoption model dan theory of planned behavior. IAM menjelaskan bahwa media sosial dapat menciptakan electronic word of mouth (eWOM) yang efektif dalam meningkatkan purchase intention melalui mekanisme information usefulness dan information adoption. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) menjelaskan bahwa niat seseorang untuk melakukan suatu perilaku, termasuk dalam konteks pembelian atau purchase intention, dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor utama yaitu sikap terhadap perilaku (attitude toward behavior), norma subjektif (subjective norm), dan persepsi kontrol perilaku (perceived behavioral control) Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dan metode penelitian verifikatif. Data primer dikumpulkan langsung dari responden penelitian, yaitu calon peserta BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Cabang Sampit sektor Bukan Penerima Upah (BPU) yang mengikuti media sosial BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 25 indikator sehingga jumlah sampel minimum yang dibutuhkan adalah 250 responden. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer, dengan menggunakan kuesioner, skala dasar pengukuran Likert. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode Partial Least Square (PLS) menggunakan software SmartPLS versi 3. Hasil analisis menunjukkan information quality tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap information usefulness pada calon peserta yang belum terpapar media resmi BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, menunjukkan bahwa kualitas informasi belum tentu dianggap berguna tanpa eksposur dan kesiapan kognitif. Kedua, information quantity dan information credibility berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap information usefulness, karena jumlah informasi yang cukup dan sumber yang kredibel mampu mengurangi ketidakpastian serta meningkatkan kepercayaan. Ketiga, information usefulness berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap information adoption, menegaskan bahwa persepsi kegunaan menjadi prasyarat sebelum informasi diadopsi. Keempat, information adoption berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap purchase intention, menunjukkan bahwa niat muncul melalui proses adopsi informasi yang telah dipercaya. Kelima, dalam kerangka Theory of Planned Behavior, attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, dan perceived behavioral control berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap purchase intention. Keenam, information adoption memediasi pengaruh information usefulness terhadap purchase intention, sehingga informasi perlu diadopsi terlebih dahulu agar mampu memengaruhi keputusan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan disarankan tidak hanya fokus pada kualitas informasi, tetapi juga pada strategi penyampaian yang meningkatkan kuantitas paparan dan persepsi kredibilitas, khususnya bagi calon peserta BPU yang belum terhubung dengan kanal resmi. Informasi perlu disampaikan secara berulang, konsisten, dan komprehensif, serta didukung narasi pengalaman nyata, testimoni, atau figur terpercaya agar mendorong adopsi dan menjembatani persepsi kegunaan menuju niat pendaftaran
       
      The Non-Wage Earner Program (BPU) of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, which generally covers workers in the informal sector, has several main objectives in the context of labor protection. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan provides social protection to informal sector workers so that they can obtain benefits such as work accident insurance, death benefits, and old-age security. The coverage of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan services has now reached all regions of Indonesia, spanning from Sabang to Merauke and covering all 34 provinces. One province that is particularly interesting to observe is Central Kalimantan. In terms of figures, the trend of realization compared to potential participants in this province shows positive growth from year to year. From 8.42% in 2021, it increased to 28.05% in 2024. Although this figure is not yet categorized as high compared to several other provinces, the significant increase over four years indicates emerging social and economic dynamics, as well as the strong efforts of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan service units in the region. Sampit as the largest city in Central Kalimantan, is a rapidly growing economic center, particularly due to palm oil sector activities, which serve as the backbone of the local economy. Many companies, cooperatives, and informal workers depend on this sector, making Sampit a region with great potential for expanding employment social security participation. However, BPU participation in the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Sampit branch has never reached the company’s target; in 2024, the realization of BPU participants only reached 20,052 compared to the target of 45,679. This study aims to analyze the intention to enroll in the BPU program at BPJS Ketenagakerjaan using the integration of the Information Adoption Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior. The Information Adoption Model (IAM) explains that social media can generate effective electronic word of mouth (eWOM) in increasing purchase intention through the mechanisms of information usefulness and information adoption. Meanwhile, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) explains that an individual’s intention to perform a behavior, including in the context of purchase intention, is influenced by three main factors: attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. This study employs a quantitative descriptive design and a verification research method. Primary data were collected directly from respondents, namely prospective participants of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Sampit Branch in the Non-Wage Earner (BPU) sector who follow BPJS Ketenagakerjaan’s social media. This study includes 25 indicators; therefore, the minimum required sample size is 250 respondents. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire instrument. The data used in this study are primary data measured using a Likert scale. Data analysis was carried out using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method with SmartPLS version 3 software. The results show that information quality does not have a significant effect on information usefulness among prospective participants who have not been exposed to BPJS Ketenagakerjaan’s official media, indicating that high-quality information is not necessarily perceived as useful without sufficient exposure and cognitive readiness. Second, information quantity and information credibility have a positive and significant effect on information usefulness, as sufficient information and credible sources can reduce uncertainty and increase trust. Third, information usefulness has a positive and significant effect on information adoption, confirming that perceived usefulness is a prerequisite before information is adopted. Fourth, information adoption has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention, indicating that intention arises through a process of adopting trusted information. Fifth, within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior, attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control each have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Sixth, information adoption mediates the effect of information usefulness on purchase intention, meaning that information must first be adopted to influence decision-making. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan is recommended not only to focus on improving information quality but also to strengthen communication strategies that increase exposure quantity and perceived credibility, especially for prospective BPU participants who are not yet connected to official channels. Information should be delivered repeatedly, consistently, and comprehensively, and supported by real-life experiences, testimonials, or trusted figures to encourage information adoption and bridge the gap between perceived usefulness and enrollment intention.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173203
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