Strategi Nafkah dan Pola Adaptasi Rumah Tangga Nelayan dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim

Abstract

Perubahan iklim berdampak terhadap ekologi, ekonomi, dan sosial, khususnya bagi nelayan yang bergantung pada sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis Strategi Nafkah dan Pola Adaptasi Rumah Tangga Nelayan Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Palabuhanratu dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran dengan desain exploratory sequential, data dikumpulkan melalui survei terhadap 40 nelayan dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan hasil tangkapan, terganggunya aktivitas melaut, dan menurunnya pendapatan. Nelayan menghadapi perubahan iklim dengan strategi adaptasi ekologis (perluasan wilayah tangkap, penyesuaian waktu melaut) dan sosial-ekonomi (diversifikasi pekerjaan). Hasil uji rank regresi menunjukkan pengaruh antara modal nafkah (alam, manusia, fisik, sosial, finansial) dan strategi nafkah, dengan modal finansial sebagai faktor paling berpengaruh. Strategi adaptasi yang efektif memerlukan dukungan sinergis dari pemerintah, masyarakat, dan lembaga terkait untuk memperkuat ketahanan sosialekonomi rumah tangga nelayan. Kata kunci : modal nafkah, nelayan, perubahan iklim, pola adaptasi, strategi nafkah

Climate change has impacts on ecological, economis, and social aspects, particulary for fishing communities that depend on natural resources. This study aims to analyze the effect of climate change on adaptation patterns and livelihood strategies of fishing households in the Palabuhanratu Nusantara Fisheries Port (PPN) Palabuhanratu. Using a mixed-methods approach with an explanatory sequential design, data were collected through a survey of 40 fishers and in-depth interviews. Ther findings reveal a decline in fish cathes, disreuptions in fishing activities, and reduced income. In response to climate change, fishers adopt ecological adaptation strategies (expanding fishing areas, adjusting fishing times) and socio-economic strategies (expanding fishing areas, adjusting fishing times) and socio-economic strategies (livelihood diversification). Regression test shows a influence between livelihood assets (natural, human, physical, social, and financial capital) and the strategies employed, with financial capital being the most influential factor. Effective adaptation strategies require synergistic support from the government, communities, and related institution to enchance the socioeconomic resilience of fishing households in the face of climate change. Keywords: adaptation patterns, climate change, fishermen, livelihood capital, livelihood strategies