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      Analisis Kinerja Pembakaran dan Biaya Energi Ketel Uap Berdasarkan Variabilitas Bahan Bakar Untuk Proses Produksi Pakan Ayam di Perusahaan XYZ

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Ringo, Yakobus Siringo
      Yulianto, Muhamad
      Sucahyo, Lilis
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      Abstract
      Ketergantungan yang tinggi terhadap batu bara dan upaya transisi energi melalui co-firing biomassa menimbulkan berbagai tantangan teknis yang dapat menurunkan efisiensi pembakaran ketel uap. Selain itu, fraksi masing-masing bahan bakar dalam campuran berperan penting dalam menentukan performa pembakaran dan pengeluaran biaya produksi. Penelitian ini menganalisis kinerja pembakaran dan aspek biaya energi ketel uap tipe pipa air di Perusahaan XYZ yang menggunakan batu bara, biomassa Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), dan Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) sebagai bahan bakar. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi efisiensi pembakaran dan dampak variasi fraksi bahan bakar terhadap efisiensi serta biaya operasional. Metode tidak langsung (indirect method) standar ASME PTC 4 digunakan untuk menghitung efisiensi dengan memperhatikan empat komponen utama kehilangan panas (L1–L4). Data operasional ketel uap periode Januari–Maret 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi ketel uap berfluktuasi antara 75,34% hingga 78,31%, dengan rata-rata 77,35%. Fluktuasi efisiensi terutama dipengaruhi oleh variasi fraksi bahan bakar yang berdampak pada kadar O2 gas buang dan suhu gas buang. Fraksi batu bara lebih dari 50% menjaga efisiensi stabil sekitar 77%, sementara fraksi PKS optimal berada pada 30–40% dengan efisiensi 77,57%. LNG berfungsi sebagai bahan bakar pendukung dan tidak signifikan memengaruhi efisiensi. Dari sisi biaya energi, biaya energi tercatat konstan pada 0,40 Rp/kkal, terlepas dari variasi efisiensi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi operasional perusahaan menekankan pada kestabilan biaya produksi, dengan komposisi bahan bakar yang seimbang untuk menjaga efisiensi teknis dan ekonomi.
       
      The high reliance on coal and the energy transition effort through biomass co-firing present technical challenges which can reduce steam boiler combustion efficiency. Moreover, the fraction of each fuel in the blend plays a crucial role in determining combustion performance and production cost. This study analyzes the combustion performance and energy cost aspects of a water-tube boiler at Company XYZ, which utilizes coal, Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) biomass, and Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) as fuels. The objective of this research is to evaluate boiler combustion efficiency and examine the impact of fuel fraction variations on efficiency and operating costs. The indirect method ASME PTC 4 standard was applied to calculate efficiency by considering four major heat loss components (L1–L4). Operational data are from January to March 2024. The results show that combustion efficiency fluctuated between 75,34% and 78,31%, with an average of 77,35%. These fluctuations were mainly influenced by variations in fuel fraction which affects flue gas O2 concentration and flue gas temperature. A coal fraction above 50% maintained efficiency at around 77%, while the optimum PKS fraction was found to be 30–40%, achieving the highest efficiency of 77,57%. LNG served as a supporting fuel and had no significant impact on efficiency. From energy cost perspective, the energy cost was consistently recorded at 0,40 Rp/kkal, regardless of efficiency variations. These findings indicate that the company’s operational strategy prioritizes stable production costs while maintaining a balanced fuel composition to ensure both technical efficiency and economic sustainability
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171988
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      • UT - Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering [3593]

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