Efektivitas Suplementasi Protein Berbasis Leguminosa terhadap Peningkatan Produktivitas Kambing Perah

Abstract

Produktivitas kambing perah sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas serta keseimbangan nutrien pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasi efektivitas suplemen protein yang diformulasikan dari suplementasi protein daun kelor (SPDK), suplementasi protein daun indigofera (SPDI), dan suplementasi protein daun turi (SPDT) dalam ransum kambing perah, dikaitkan dengan konsumsi nutrien, kecernaan nutrien, efisiensi pemanfaatan nutrien, serta efisiensi metabolik pada kambing perah Sapera. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan menggunakan 16 ekor kambing Sapera laktasi, yang dibagi ke dalam empat kelompok perlakuan: P0 (100% ransum peternak), P1 (P0 + 10% SPDK), P2 (P0 + 10% SPDI), dan P3 (P0 + 10% SPDT). Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of varience (ANOVA), dan perbedaan antar perlakuan diuji lebih lanjut dengan uji Duncan menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan P1 dan P2 meningkatkan konsumsi nutrien, kecernaan, produksi susu, kadar lemak susu, dan glukosa darah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Produksi susu tertinggi diperoleh pada suplementasi SPDI (1,32 L/ekor/hari), disertai efisiensi metabolik yang lebih baik, kualitas susu yang meningkat, pertambahan bobot badan yang lebih tinggi, sementara status fisiologis tetap normal pada semua perlakuan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa suplementasi protein leguminosa mampu meningkatkan produktivitas kambing perah Sapera, dengan indigofera menunjukkan performa terbaik serta potensi sebagai sumber protein lokal yang berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan produksi dan kualitas susu.

The productivity of dairy goats was greatly influenced by the quality and balance of feed nutrients. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of protein supplements formulated from Moringa leaf protein supplementation (MLPS), Indigofera leaf protein supplementation (ILPS), Sesbania leaf protein supplementation (SLPS) in the diets of dairy goats in relation to nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, nutrient utilization efficiency, and metabolic efficiency of Sapera dairy goats. The study was conducted experimentally using a Randomized Block Design involving 16 lactating Sapera goats, which were divided into four treatment groups: P0 (100% farmer's ration), P1 (P0 + 10% MLPS), P2 (P0 + 10% ILPS), and P3 (P0 + 10% SLPS). Data were analyzed using the analysis of varience (ANOVA), the differences among treatments were further tested by Duncan's test using SPSS version 25. The results showed that treatments P1 and P2 improved nutrient intake, digestibility, milk yield, milk fat, and blood glucose compared to the control group. The highest milk yield was obtained by ILPS supplementation (1,32 L/head/day), accompanied by better metabolic efficiency, milk quality, weight gain, while physiological status remained normal in all treatments. This study concluded that legume protein supplementation improved Sapera dairy goat productivity, with indigofera showing the best performance and potential as a sustainable local protein source to enhance milk yield and quality.